Totalitarian Regimes and World War II Unfolded

1. Chapter 24: World War Looms WWII (1939-1945) 8.2:The causes and course of World War II, the character of the war at home and abroad, and its reshaping of the U.S. role in world affairs 

2. Chapter 24: World War LoomsSection 1: Dictators threaten world Peace

3. Road To WWII • Versailles Treaty (WWI) the source of all of Germany’s economic troubles

4. Road To WWII – 1919-1939 • Totalitarianism –Total control over every aspect of citizen’s lives • - a form of dictatorship • Totalitarian governments gained power in Europe in the 1930’s • Fiction vs. Reality

5. Protesting Totalitarianism in Today’s World- Thailand 2014 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Iet_QkuUGs

6. Political Philosophies • 1. Communism- • a society without class distinctions or private property (equality?) • state has absolute authority • 2. Fascism- • 1 political party • state has absolute authority • Unlike communism, defends private property and social classes • People do not have right to free speech!

7. Political Philosophies • 3. Democracy – a system of government in which • the people have the power to rule, either directly or indirectly • through their elected officials • Example of a Democratic Government: • The United States • FREEDOM of speech, press, religion • Right to vote and elect political leaders • Many political parties to choose from

8. Political Philosophies • Communist & Fascist regimes are examples of Totalitarianism • Examples: • Soviet Union – Communist (1920’s-1991) • Italy & Germany – Fascist (1930’s – 1945)

9. Totalitarian Rulers Around the World 1930’s-1940’s • 1. Benito Mussolini – (Italy) fascist/military • 2. Adolf Hitler – (Germany) gains power 1933. Fascist/military • 3. Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union (Communist) • 4.Japanese Military dictatorship 1930’s • Fascist/Military

10. Anti-Comintern Pact, 1937 • Alliance formed Between: Germany, Italy, Japan • They pledge to oppose international communism • Join forces against the Soviet Union ( & the spread of communism)

11. Nazi- Soviet Pact, 1939 • But then… • Hitler (Germany) signed non-aggression pact with Stalin (Soviet Union )! • They agreed Not to invade/ attack each other

12. Chapter 24: World War Looms Section 2: War in Europe

13. WWII Explained in Seven Minutes • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvDFsxjaPaE

14. Hitler Gained Power in Germany -1933 • Goal: to expand Germany’s borders by invading and taking over neighboring territories • Union with Austria: German troops marched into Austria and announced “Anschluss” or “union”

15. Events Leading Up to WWII • Hitler invaded: • The Rhineland • Region between Germany & France • Sudetenland 1938 • Border region between Germany/ Czechoslovakia • Took over the rest of Czechoslovakia by March 1939

16. WWII Officially Began When… • Hitler & his German Luftwaffe (Air Force) invaded • Poland Sept. 1st, 1939 • Great Britain & France declared war on Germany

17. German Blitzkrieg Military Tactic • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gUjrnlMAtQ4 • Blitzkrieg means “Lightening war” • Military tactic that utilizes aircrafts, tanks , and the surprise attack. • Point is to overwhelm • Brutal surprise attacks by the • “Luftwaffe” – German air force

18. Why Didn’t Anyone Stop Hitler Prior To Sept. 1st 1939? • The “Appeasement” Policy: • Allowing aggressors to have what they want… • In the hope they will demand no more

19. Sides & Alliances • ALLIES: • 1. Great Britain • 2. France • 3. U.S. (joined 1941) • 4. Soviet Union (joined 1941 After Hitler betrayed Stalin) • AXIS POWERS: • 1. Germany • 2. Italy • 3. Japan

20. 1940-German Troops… • Invaded Northern European countries: • Denmark, Norway

21. May, 1940- Hitler & German Troops • Invaded France May 10, 1940 • France surrendered on June 22, 1940 • Defeat of France shocked the world

22. August 1940-Battle of Britain • German planes bombed Great Britain Aug. 1940 • 1 night 70,000 fire bombs dropped • Massive destruction • Great Britain Defeated the German air force (Luftwaffe) …barely

23. After the Battle of Britain, 1940 • Winston Churchill (British Prime Minister) asked American President Franklin Roosevelt for help • Did the U.S. Join the war at this point???

24. Battle of Britain in Film: The Chronicles of Narnia • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQ0fGS01Pdg • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJ6exK876G0

25. Peter Pan 2: Return to Neverland (2002) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4SAD81xrVc

26. Yes, This is a WWII Reference • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FrHkKXFRbCI

27. Chapter 24: World War Looms Section 4: America Moves Towards War

28. American “Neutrality” Since 1939 • Neutrality Act of 1939 • U.S. neutrality in name, not in deed. • Allowed for sale of American weapons/ supplies to European allies on a • “Cash-and-Carry”basis – Great Britain had to travel to U.S. pick up supplies, pay in cash

29. “Destroyers for Bases” Deal, 1940 • U.S. provided Great Britain with older naval ships (50) • In return, • U.S. gained rights to establish military bases in British held Caribbean islands

30. American President Franklin D. Roosevelt • Franklin D. Roosevelt ran for 3rd term (1940) • Won 54% of popular vote • “better a third term than a third rater”

31. Roosevelt’s Address to Congress (1940) • To Protect “4 Freedoms” • 1. Freedom of Speech • 2. Freedom of Religion • 3. Freedom of Want • 4. Freedom of Fear

32. Lend Lease Act, 1941 • Franklin D. Roosevelt & British Prime Minister Winston Churchill met secretly • U.S. let Great Britain borrow war supplies

33. Churchill & FDR also signed the… • Atlantic Charter, 1941 • The Cornerstones of a world free of fascism include… • 1. Self determination of people • 2. Free trade • 3. disarmament • U.S. & Great Britain share political ideologies

34. Question!! • Has the United States joined World War II yet?? • When will the U.S. join WWII? Why?

35. 1941- Operation Barbarossa • Hitler Betrayed Stalin! • And invaded the Soviet Union in June! • Soviet Union officially joined the allies - 1941

36. 1941 – The Holocaust • 1941 – extermination of Jews, people of color, Gypsies, Clergy, disabled, opponents of Hitler’s regime • Gestapo = secret police arrest Hitler’s opponents

37. Concentration Camps • 1941-1942: Jews from all over Europe transported to concentration camps • 6 million Jews Killed • 6 Million Non- Jews Killed

38. “Escaping The Final Solution” • Kurt Klein and GerdaWeissman Klein Remember the Holocaust • What are your thoughts regarding the piece? Discuss with a neighbor.

39. CLARIFICATION • WWII began Sept. 1st, 1939 • Germany(Hitler) acted as the aggressor and invaded various countries throughout Europe. • Meanwhile, Japan acted as an aggressor and invaded various countries in Asia.

40. Why did the U.S. ENTER WWII? ***

41. Japan Invaded its Neighbors • 1. Invaded Manchuria 1931 • 2. Invaded China 1937 • Nanking- 200,000 Chinese citizens killed • 3. Invaded Indo-China (Vietnam)

42. Tripartite Pact – Formal Alliance of Axis Powers • 1940 An Alliance between Germany, Japan, Italy

43. In response to Japanese Aggression… President Roosevelt • U.S. refused to trade with Japan • Froze Japanese assets in U.S. • Restricted oil exports to Japan • Placed an embargo on sale of scrap iron to Japan

44. In Retaliation, Japan Planned a Secret Attack on American Territory

45. America the Story of Us; WWII • Pearl Harbor to 9:45

46. 1941- Pearl Harbor, Hawaii • December 7, 1941 • Japanese planes attacked American Naval fleet • 2,400 died • 1,200 wounded

47. Pearl Harbor-Statistics • 8 Battleships sunk • 10 other ships damaged • Including the U.S.S. Arizona • 200 planes destroyed

48. Why Pearl Harbor, Hawaii?

49. Why Pearl Harbor? • Key American military base in the Pacific • Dec. 8 :President Roosevelt/Congress declared war on Japan • Dec. 11: Germany & Italy declared war on U.S.

50. Franklin D. Roosevelt… • “Yesterday, December 7th,1941… a date which will live in infamy” - FDR