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This text explores the various determinants of health in Australian adults, including biological factors such as genetics, behavioral factors like food intake, physical environment factors like community health centers, and social factors like employment and income level.
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Unit 2 – Chapter 12Determinants of health of Australian adults
The determinants • Biological – Genetics • Behavioral – Food intake • Physical – Community health Centres • Social – Employment and income level.
Biological determinant - Genetics • Genetics have direct impact on h & d. • Genetic diseases most impact. • Cystic fibrosis • Huntington’s disease • Some disease carried on x gene some on y gene. • Some diseases require both individuals to be carriers of defective gene some do not.
Genetics cont….. • Genetics are not controllable. • Tests can be carried out prior to reproduction. • Experts believe some cancers and some forms of cardio-vascular disease may have a genetic component. • Age and gender are also determined by genetics.
Genetics and Gender • Gender will impact on H & D. • Males develop prostate cancer • Females develop ovarian and uterine cancer and breast cancer. • Genetic diseases are a result of either: • Poor DNA from either side • Good DNA but poor bonding • Good DNA but malfunctioning gene • Trauma experience to gene’s whilst forming,
Behavioural – Food intake • These are lifestyle factors that relate to the way people choose to live their lives. • Portion sizes too large for body demands. • Hidden contents of food, esp. salt, trans fat. • Poor diet direct connection with diet related diseases:- • Type 2 diabetes • Osteoporosis • Obesity • Stroke • Heart Disease. • Nutritional needs of adults different to children. Whole milk important for children, not adults.
Physical Environment – Community Health Centre’s • Established in 1970’s. • Aim to keep individuals and families in better health. • Low or no fees • Recognise prevention and not just treatment.
Physical Environment – Workplace Safety • Work provides and identity. • Biggest emphasis in workplace safety is on physical health. • In 2008 data showed a decrease in injury and fatality. • Workplace safety data does not include, social, emotional, intellectual safety. • Stress is one of the biggest causes of work absenteeism. • Workplace bullying and harassment is also becoming a concern.
Workplace Safety • WorkSafe Victoria monitors and regulates all Victorian workplaces. • Aims to; prevent workplace accidents and injuries, enforce current laws, provide return to work policies for injured workers and manage links with government departments. • WorkSafe will deal with any and all work related injuries including workplace bullying.
Common causes of injuries include:- • Furniture, tools or equipment that do not conform to body or that fail to meet industry standard. • Fast moving or ‘high risk’ machinery. • Workplace design that requires workers to perform same action all day (bending, stretching, twisting) • www.worksafe.vic.gov.au
Social Environment – Employment status and income • Professional forms part of identity. • How others see you and how you see yourself. • Work provides for social, emotional, and intellectual development. • Regular income and benefits. • Self satisfaction and pride • Sense of belonging • Personal development through travel and promotions. • Positive role model for children. • Open avenues for volunteerism and charity work.
Unemployment • Drop socio-economic status. • Drop private health care • Lead to poverty • If welfare payments involved can lead to drop in self-esteem and confidence. • Linked to family violence • Loss of skills for length of time out of work. • Not positive influence on children (more so if by choice) • Can lead to depression and drug use and increase in alcohol consumption. • Learning Activity 12.12 – ALL QUESTIONS.
