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UNIT AND QUANTITIES

UNIT AND QUANTITIES. NAMA : SETYANINGSIH,S.Pd NIP : 19660716 198811 2 002 RSMABI N 1 SLAWI. MEASUREMENT. Quantities is something that can be measure and expressed in value. To measure is an activity to compare a quantity with another quantity that assigned as a unit.

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UNIT AND QUANTITIES

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  1. UNIT AND QUANTITIES NAMA : SETYANINGSIH,S.Pd NIP : 19660716 198811 2 002 RSMABI N 1 SLAWI

  2. MEASUREMENT Quantities is something that can be measure and expressed in value To measure is an activity to compare a quantity with another quantity that assigned as a unit.

  3. Example instrument to measure physical quantities

  4. VERNIER CALIPER

  5. MICROMETER SCREW GAUGE

  6. SINGLE MEASUREMENT The data resulting from a single measurement is usually reported as follows = physical quantity measured = result of the single measurement = measurement uncertainty measurement uncertainty ( ) determined by : nst = nilai skala terkecil (smallest scale value of instrument)

  7. RECURRENT MEASUREMENT The data resulting from a recurrent measurement is usually reported as follows = physical quantity measured = the mean of physical quantity value of X = measurement uncertainty

  8. The value of and determined by : = the result of quantity measurement of i-th n = the sum of recurrent measurement

  9. MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY 1. Absolute Uncertainty Can used to determine the accuracy (ketepatan) of the measurement result. In single or recurrent measurement is called absolute uncertainty

  10. 2. Relative Uncertainty Can used to determine the precision (ketelitian) of the measurement result Can be expressed by equation: Single measurement Relative Uncertainty Recurrent measurement

  11. EXAMPLE 1. Single measurement A measurement of electric voltage finds the reading of 10.5 volt. If the instrument has smallest scale of 0.1 volt, determine the result of electric voltage measurement! Solution

  12. Absolute Uncertainty Relative Uncertainty

  13. 2. Recurrent measurement The result of coin diameter measurement are shown in the table ! determine the result of coin diameter measurement!

  14. = 12.04 mm = 0.08 mm The diameter of the coin is

  15. Absolute Uncertainty Relative Uncertainty

  16. REPORTING THE RESULT OF EXPERIMENT

  17. SCIENTIFIC NOTATION The scientific notation is written in numbers between 1 and 10 multiplied by a certain power of 10. Scientific notation can be expressed as follows a x 10n Where 1 < a < 10 and n = the integers

  18. EXAMPLE 415 second = 4.15 x 102 810 N = 8.10 x 102 20,000,000 m = 2 x 107 0.000000000000000000017 = 1.7 x 1020

  19. SIGNIFICANT NUMBERS Significant numbers are all number that are obtained from the reading of a instrument scale. Rules for significant numbers, as follows • All numbers other than zero are significant numbers. • example : • 3752.8 = 5 significant numbers

  20. 2. The zero number between two numbers other than zero is significant number. example : 5.002 = 4 significant numbers 3. The zero number on the right of numbers other than zero, is not significant number, except if there is a sign like an underline. example : 8760 = 3 significant numbers 8760 = 4 significant numbers 4. The zero number on the left hand of numbers other than zero. Not significant number. example : 0.00325 = 3 significant numbers

  21. Significant number calculation 1. Addition and subtraction significant numbers The result of addition or subtraction of significant numbers can only have one estimation number (angka taksiran) 2 7 4 0 0 example 5 9 5 0 + 3 3 3 5 0 ~ 3 3 4 0 0

  22. Significant number calculation 2. Multiplication and division of significant numbers The result of multiplication or division of significant numbers can only have significant numbers as many as the smallest significant number between the numbers multiplied or divided. 3.22 3 SN example 2.1 2 SN x 67.62 ~ 68 2 SN

  23. Basic quantities and derived quantities • Basic quantities are the physical quantities the units of which are predetermined. • Derived quantities are physical quantities which the units of which are derived from basic quantity units.

  24. Basic quantities unit

  25. Example of derived quantities

  26. Area = length x width, so area derived from • one basic quantities that is length quantity • Volume = length x width x height

  27. Kinds system of units • MKS (meter, kilogram, second) • CGS (centimeter, gram, second) • FPS ( feet, pound, second) • In physic uses the International System (SI) of units is developed from MKS system or metric system • The SI uses prefix to express decimal number (factor of 10) before the units used Exp : 0.003 meter can be expressed in 3 millimeters.

  28. The prefixes of SI units

  29. Standard of basic Quantity units • The unit of length The standard unit of length is meter. Before 1967, meter was defined as the distance between two mark on a bar of platinum-iridium alloy that was stored in the International Bureau of Weights and measure in Serves, France. From 1967 to 1983 meter was defined as 1,650,763.73 times the wavelength of a certain orange spectral line of atomic krypton-86. after 1983 ,than the standard unit of length used is the distance that light travels during an exact time interval of 1/299,792,458 second

  30. The unit of mass The standard unit of mass is kilogram, that is the mass of a platinum-iridium cylinder which is also kept in the International Bureau of weights and Measure in Sevres, France. • The unit of Time The standard unit of time is second, and one second is defined as the time required for exactly 9,192,631,770 oscillation of an isotope cesium 133 atom particle. • The unit of electric Current The standard unit of electric current is ampere, that is the electric current flowing in two long parallel wires and have the distance of one meter in vacuum apace and it gives force of exactly 0/2 = 2 x 10-7 newton

  31. The unit of Temperature The standard unit of temperature is Kelvin (K), while the temperature scale is defined as equal 273.16 K at the constant volume of and ideal gas. The value 273.16 K is the temperature of triple point water in Kelvin scale. • The unitof luminous Intensity The standard unit of luminous intensity is candela, that is 1/16 of luminous intensity resulted from 1 cm2 of the blackbody radiation glowing at temperature of frozen platinum, that is 2046 K. In this case The blackbody is the body which is able to absorb all energies which strike it.

  32. The unit of Amount of Substance The standard unit of amount of substance is mole, that is the amount of substances which contain 6.02 x 1023particles, and 6.02 x 1023 is the Avogadro number. Units conversion a. Conversion of units of length 1 m = 39.37 inch 1 inch = 2.54 cm 1 feet = 0.3048 m 1 yard = 0.9144 m 1 m = 3.281 feet 1 mile = 1.609 km 1 Å = 10 -10 m Å (Angstrom)

  33. b. Conversion of units of Mass 1 kg = 1000 grams 1 ton = 1000 kg 1 slug = 14.59 kg 1 kg = 10 ons 1 grams = 100 cg C. Conversion of units of time 1 hour = 60 minutes = 3,600 seconds 1 minutes = 60 second 1 day = 24 hours 1 year = 365 day 1day = 86,400 second 1 year = 1,600,000 seconds

  34. d. Conversion of units of energy 1 joule = 1 kg m2/s2 1 calorie = 4.186 joule 1 e v = 1.6 x 10-19 joule 1 kWh = 3.6 x 106 joule e. Conversion of units of Power 1 Watt = 1 J/s = 1 kg m2/s3 1 horse power (hp) = 0.764 kW

  35. Dimension of Physical Quantities Dimension is used to describe the method of arrangement of derived quantities from basic quantities. Dimension of basic Quantities

  36. Dimension of derived Quantities Area (A) = length x width = [L] [L] = [L]2 Volume (V) =length x width x height = [L][L][L] = [L]3

  37. Force (F) = mass x acceleration = m.a = [M] [L] [T]-2

  38. THANK’S YOUR ATTENTION

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