Future Information Networks and Applications

1. Future Information Networks and Applications Wen-Tsuen Chen Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu, Taiwan Presented in ICOIN-12, 1998, Tokyo, Japan

2. Introduction • National & Global Effects • Future Information Networks Projects • Conclusion Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

3. Elements of An Information Network • Communication Network Fabric: Internet, local area networks, wide area networks, wireless networks • Information Servers: digital libraries, video servers • Information Appliances: computers, mobile terminals, PDAs • Distributed Environments • Application Softwares and Services Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

4. Information Servers Applications Information Appliances Information Servers Distributed Environments Networks Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

5. Applications DNS TELNET FTP SMTP TCP/IP SATNET LAN WAN Packet Radio Internet Protocols Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

6. Milestones of Information Networks • Arpanet introduced in 1969 • TIME special issue “The New Age of Discovery: A Celebration of Mankind’s Exploration of the Unknown” Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

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9. Milestones of Information Networks • Arpanet introduced in 1969 • TCP/IP, by V. Cerf and R. Kahn, in 1974 • Ethernet, by R. M. Metcalfe et al., in 1976 • Cellular telephones in 1978 • PC introduced in early 1980s • Proliferation of LANs and hence the Internet in mid 1980s • Mosaic browser in 1993 and World-Wide Web Consortium in 1994 Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

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16. Technological Driving Forces • Computer technology introduces cheap and fast information processing, huge information storage. • IC technology makes highly compact and integrated systems possible. • Networking technology makes effective information exchange. Internet users grow exponentially. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

17. Other Driving Forces • Economical: Use of information technology to increase productivity, and lower inventory cost etc. • Social: better quality of life, medical care, digital library etc. • Political: To balance regional development, equal access to information. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

18. Current Statistics About World-Wide Web • More than 100 millions of users expected around the world on the Web in 1999, compared with 25 millions in 1996 and 1 million in 1994 • In 1997, 27.7 million users in US, 7 millions in Japan, 1.2 million in Taiwan (4 millions expected in 2000), and 300K in China (10 millions expected in 2000) Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

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20. Demographics of Internet / WWW Users • Surveyed 1,000 U. S. households in April 1997 by Louis Harris & Associates, Baruch College, commissioned by Business Week. • Age: 45% are 40 or older. The Web is no longer a stomping ground just for young. • Gender: 41% are female, up from 23% in Sept. 1995. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

21. Demographics of Internet / WWW Users • Education: 27% are high school or less • Income: 42% have annual incomes of more than US$50,000, while only 18% take in US$25,000 or less. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

22. Usage of the Internet / WWW • The most common activity is searching for information (82% either sometimes or often). • Education (75%), News (68%), Entertainment (61%), and Hobbies (52%). • The least popular is shopping online (10%). However nearly one-quarter of users have purchased something either on the Internet or an online service. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

23. Usage of the Internet / WWW (cont.) • The typical online shopper is affluent and advanced in age. • 42% of those 65 or older have purchased something. • Net merchants have the tools to aim their efforts at potential customers. • Electronic commerce is coming of age. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

24. Usage of the Internet / WWW (cont.) • The Internet becomes the infrastructure on which applications and services are based. • Internet +Applications&Services = Information Networks Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

25. National & Global Efforts • National Information Infrastructure (NII) of US. • Advanced Information Infrastructure of Japan • IT2000 of Singapore • National Information Infrastructure of Taiwan • Global Information Infrastructure Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

26. US National Information Infrastructure • US President Clinton presented a vision of National Information Infrastructure (NII) for the 21st century • The Goals of NII • Increasing industrial competitiveness • Balancing regional developments • Enhancing social benefits Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

27. Benefits of NII • Enhance the competitiveness of the manufacturing base • Increase the speed and efficiency of electronic commerce • Improve health care delivery and control costs • Promote quality educational and lifelong learning • Make us more effective at environmental monitoring • Easy access to digital libraries Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

28. NII Architecture Model Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

29. Advanced Information Infrastructure of Japan • Based on the June 1993 report by Information Industry Committee of Industrial Structure Council • Proposed by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry in May 1994. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

30. Advanced Information Infrastructure of Japan (cont.) • Dissemination of advanced information technology into Industry • to improve work efficiency and productivity • offices, corporate manufacturing systems, business transactions and product development, corporate research Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

31. Advanced Information Infrastructure of Japan (cont.) • Dissemination of advanced information technology into homes • Diversified choice of information, such as electronic newspaper, digital library, virtual museum • New services, such as home shopping and ticketing, remote education, online medical treatment Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

32. Advanced Information Infrastructure of Japan (cont.) • Dissemination of advanced information technology into public sector • Education: remote education and learning • Research: collaboration through information networks • Medical and welfare services: medical databases, telemedicine, social participation of elderly people • Digital libraries Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

33. Benefits of the Advanced Information Infrastructure • Dealing with the aging population • Rectifying overconcentration in urban areas • Reforming Japan’s economic structure • Realizing a comfortable lifestyle • International community-oriented cooperation • Environmental concerns Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

34. The IT2000 of Singapore • The IT2000 Vision was formulated in 1991 to construct an Intelligent Island in 2000 • Fiber to every home Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

35. The IT2000 of Singapore (cont.) • The five strategic thrusts: • Developing a Global Hub • Improving the Quality of Life • Boosting the Economic Engine • Linking Communities Locally and Globally • Enhancing the Potential of Individuals Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

36. The NII of Taiwan • Taiwan has initiated the NII development in 1994. • Major experimental projects: • Broadband Network Construction • Electronic Commerce • Distance Learning • Telemedicine etc. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

37. The NII of Taiwan (cont.) • Five goals at the present stage : • Promoting the use of Internet : to reach three million Internet users by 2000 • Putting every middle school and primary school on Internet • Developing Taiwan as an Internet hub in the Asia Pacific area • Establishing a "Global Chinese Network Information Center" • Developing a new industry of network multimedia Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

38. Distance Learning in Taiwan • The Science & Technology Advisory Office and Computer Center of Ministry of Education initiated the “Distance Learning Pilot Project”. • In September 1994, Ministry of Education convened five national universities to setup “High Performance Network experimenting platforms”. • Each university has several ATM switches connected locally and has a gateway to the national ATM backbone network. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

39. Distance Learning in Taiwan (cont.) • In August 1995, Ministry of Education invited 10 National Universities, including NTU, NTHU...etc. to initiate “Pilot System for Distance Learning”. Their main tasks are: • To setup main broadcasting classrooms • To develop coursewares • To evaluate effectiveness of distance learning Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

40. EDU CC T1x1 T1x8 ATM Switch MCU NCU CC T1x1 T1x1 NTU CC ATM Switch MCU T1x1 T1x1 ATM Switch MCU ISDN ISDN NCTU CC T1x1 T1x1 NCHC CC ATM Switch MCU T1x1 T1x1 ATM Switch MCU ISDN ISDN NTHU CC T1x1 T1x1 ATM Switch MCU ISDN : OC-3C CCU CC : DS-3 T1x1 T1x1 ATM Switch MCU ISDN NCKU CC T1x1 T1x1 ATM Switch MCU ISDN NSYSU CC T1x1 T1x1 ATM Switch MCU ISDN Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

41. Distance Learning in Taiwan (cont.) • In May 1996, 30 universities and colleges joined to promote this project, and provided 22 courses in all. • In June 1997, the Executive Yuan approved the “Distance Learning Development Project” for 4 years. • Currently more than 70 schools join the project and offer about 100 courses. Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

42. Future Applications • Electronic Commerce • Webcasting • Distance Education • Telemedicine • Digital Libraries • Collaborative Research Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

43. Digital Library Telemedicine Distance Learning Electronic Government Distance Learning Electronic Commerce Video Conference Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

44. Electronic Commerce Commercial Information Providers Server PBX Financial Institute Commercial - Agent Communications Network Manufacture On-line Shopping Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

45. Telemedicine Applications • Basic Application • Groups • - Conferencing: For • Remote Diagnostics, • Medical Training & • Conferencing • - Messaging: For • Communication • - Information Retrieval: • For Access To Medical • Research Database • - MMDB: For Patient • Record Image • Processing • - Wireless WAN • Access: • For Emerging Mobile • Communication • - Wireless LAN: For In- • Hospital communication • End-To-End System • Integration is • Important University/ Research Institute Medical Research Database Emergency wireless communications Hospital Remote diagnostics Remote Clinic Multimedia Patient record database Image Processing Wireless LAN Patient Chart (Pen based) Video Server Email Server Multimedia DBMS Conferencing Bridge Medical Training/ Conferencing Multimedia Application Servers

46. Future Information Networks • High bandwidth • Quality of Service support • Mobility support • Security • Network management Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

47. Future Information Network Projects • Next Generation Internet • Internet2 • IMT-2000 • National Telecommunication Project in Taiwan Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

48. Goals of NGI • Experimental Research for Advanced Network Technologies • Next Generation Network Fabric • Revolutionary Applications Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

49. Goal 1 : Experimental Research for Advanced Network Technologies • Quality of service (QoS) • Security and robustness • Network management • Systems engineering and operations • New or modified protocols for routing, switching, multicast, reliable transport, security, and mobility • Computer operating systems • Collaborative and distributed application environments Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University

50. Goal 2 : Next Generation Network Fabric • High-performance connectivity • delivering 100X current Internet performance end-to-end (typically greater than 100+ Mbps end-to-end) • Next generation network technologies and ultra-high-performance connectivity • at 1000X current Internet performance end-to-end (typically greater than 1+ Gbps end-to-end and many Gbps in backbone circuits.) Computer and Communication Research Center National Tsing Hua University