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Chapter 19-2 Ecology of Organisms

Chapter 19-2 Ecology of Organisms. Objectives. Contrast abiotic factors with biotic factors, and list two examples of each Explain the importance of tolerance curves Describe adaptations that allow organisms to avoid unfavorable conditions Explain the concept of the niche

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Chapter 19-2 Ecology of Organisms

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  1. Chapter 19-2 Ecology of Organisms

  2. Objectives • Contrast abiotic factors with biotic factors, and list two examples of each • Explain the importance of tolerance curves • Describe adaptations that allow organisms to avoid unfavorable conditions • Explain the concept of the niche • Contrast the fundamental with the realized niche

  3. Biotic & Abiotic • Habitat: where an organism lives • Biotic: living components of the environment • Abiotic: Nonliving factors • How many of these can you name? • These are interdependent factors

  4. Abiotic factors • Temperature • Humidity • pH • Salinity • Oxygen Concentration • Sunlight • Nitrogen • Precipitation • Slope of terrain • Pressure

  5. Response to a changing environment • There is a wide range of environments to survive in • Each organism adapts to a specific range • You can determine this range by measuring activity over different increment • Tolerance curve: graph of performance versus an environmental variable

  6. Horsepower curve for an Engine • What a graph like this points out is that any engine has a peak horsepower - an rpm value at which the power available from the engine is at its maximum.

  7. Acclimation • Adjusting tolerance curve • If you spend a few weeks at a higher elevation your body begins to produce more red blood cells • EPO doping is artificially simulating this by injecting your own blood into you • “Blood doping” • Train high and play low?

  8. Control internal conditions • Environments Change! • Conformers change their internal environment with the external • A lizard in the desert • Regulators use energy to control and maintain a constant internal environment • Some fish conform to temperature, but regulate salt concentration

  9. Escape from Unsuitable Conditions • Dormancy: Hibernate or go into Torpor • Migration: Too cold? just walk south

  10. Niches • Niche: an organisms position in the ecosystem • Has biotic & abiotic aspects • Resource acquisition, allocation, method of reproduction • Fundamental niche: everywhere it can potentially live • Realized niche: where it does live • Limited by competition

  11. Niche Differences • Generalists: Broad niches • Cockroach • Humans • Specialists: Narrow niches • Koala • Humming bird

  12. There’s only one earth

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