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Heat Transfer in Steelmaking: Problems and Solutions

This presentation by Monsieur Pascal Gardin, President of the Network AMETH, discusses the challenges and methodologies for solving heat transfer problems in the steelmaking industry. It provides an overview of steelmaking processes, typical problems involving fluid mechanics and heat transfer, and various tools and techniques used to address these challenges. The presentation also highlights the importance of heat transfer control in the steelmaking industry and the value of in-situ measurements and prototype testing.

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Heat Transfer in Steelmaking: Problems and Solutions

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  1. Journée SFT-AMETH, Paris 9 Novembre 2005 Présentation de Monsieur Pascal GARDIN, (Président du Réseau AMETH)

  2. Some topics on heat transfer for steelmaking industry P. Gardin, Arcelor Research Process Engineering Group

  3. Aim of the presentation • General presentation on steelmaking processes • Typical problems involving fluid mechanics and heat transfer along steelmaking route • Methodology for solving problems

  4. Key facts and figures Turnover Production Staff : 26 billion euros (2003) :43 million tons of crude steel :98,000 employees Created in 2002 from the merger of Usinor (France), Aceralia (Spain) and Arbed (Luxembourg) • The Group produces, processes and distributes flat and long carbon and stainless steel products to a variety of industries (Auto, construction, domestic appliances, packaging…) • The Group is a leader in its sector (net sales, capacities, market shares..)

  5. Some products automotive industry construction domestic appliances packaging

  6. Overview of steelmaking processes

  7. Our mission • Upgrading existing process to meet requests for productivity and/or quality increase • Making recommandations on new process proposals • Designing new process, in collaboration with manufacturers

  8. Some tools • Direct measurements in steel plant (but high T° environment) • Water models or prototypes (liquid steel : newtonian fluid, n~10-6 m2/s) • Use of « hot » laboratory prototypes • Numerical simulation : • By ourselves with commercial packages • In collaboration, as soon as specific information is missing

  9. Elimination of harmful particles : majour topic R/2 R/4 • Removal of oxide inclusion and dissolved gas, • Mixing of alloying addition (FeMn...) • ... Position b Position a

  10. Addition of ferro-alloys and deoxidisers Objective : to know where aluminum release in ladle takes place, and deoxidation starts, for further calculations by Fluent Solid steel layer Solid / liquid aluminum Initially : 25°C then  Als+O Al2O3 • Different steps : •  Heating of aluminum •  Melting of aluminum •  Remelting of solid steel layer Typical results for fixed heat transfer coefficient From Dekkers, KUL Alumina particles

  11. Continuous casting mould : another process where multiphase flows and heat transfer are predominant From Zhao et al., International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 26 (2005) 105–118

  12. Water cooling – run out table Prototype at IORC Industrial water cooling

  13. Run-out Table Prototype • heated strip to 1200°C – moving strip : 4 m/s • cooling capacity : 250 m3/h – 20 bars • temperature probe inside strip: thermocouple  = 300 mm to 500 mm from the surface • inverse method to get extracted heat flux : 1D, 2D, steady, instationnaire

  14. In-situ instrumentation

  15. Application : cooling comparison for upper and lower faces

  16. Start of CFD development : validation on simple case – collaboration with LEMTA Comparaison exp./num.pour U =1 m/s etDTsub = 29°C dans le cas d’un chauffage par paroi latérale. Calculs Khalij M., Moissette S., LEMTA Comparaison exp./num. (resultatsde Zhang et al.)pour U =0.5 m/s etDTsub = 30°C dans le cas d’un chauffage par la face supérieure.

  17. Water cooling of hot product : modelling and measurement technique Infra-red thermography to get surface T° 20 mm from impingement point température de surface (°C) Static plate time (s) Impingement point calculations measurements température de surface (°C) time (s)

  18. Local prediction of hot moving products with water jets T °C 0.5 m

  19. Perspective : influence of strip velocity on heat transfer - LEMTA Cylinder Ø 200 mm, 20 thermocouples initial T° : 500°C Electrical heating of cylinder tangential velocity up to 4 m/s • Financial support from : • CNRS (Energie program) • Arcelor • Physical modelling of moving strip influence and implementation in Star-CD – final validation • Test of new cooling systems

  20. Conclusions • Control of heat transfer is vital in steelmaking industry • In-situ measurements are difficult : CFD provides some help, provided there is a modelling ! • Use of prototype provides valuable information and knowledge – but long and expensive

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