Tobacco: Hazardous & Addictive

1. Tobacco: Hazardous & Addictive

2. In the early 1960's research studies showed the harmful effects of smoking. "Cigarette smoking is causally related to lung cancer in men; the magnitude of the effects of cigarette smoking outweighs all other factors." Surgeon General

3. Cigarette companies were the largest advertisers on TV and radio until Congress banned their ads in 1971. • The companies got around the ban by financing sporting events on TV. • They are also the biggest leaders in magazine and newspaper ads. Usually on the back cover, or a place that is highly visible. • Also, in 1971, Warnings became required on cigarette packs • In 1998: California became the first state to ban smoking in bars

4. Facts of Tobacco/Smoking • Tobacco use remains the leading preventable cause of death in the United States, causing more than 440,000 deaths each year, nearly 1 of every 5 deaths, each year in the United States. • Resulting in an annual cost of more than $75 billion in direct medical costs. • Nationally, smoking results in more than 5.6 million years of potential life lost each year. • Approximately 80% of adult smokers started smoking before the age of 18. Every day, nearly 4,000 young people under the age of 18 try their first cigarette.

5. More facts • More deaths are caused each year by tobacco use than by all deaths from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), illegal drug use, alcohol use, motor vehicle injuries, suicides, and murders combined. • Smoking causes about 90% of lung cancer deaths in men and almost 80% of lung cancer deaths in women. • The risk of dying from lung cancer is more than 23 times higher among men who smoke cigarettes, and about 13 times higher among women who smoke cigarettes compared with never smokers. • On average, smokers die 13 to 14 years earlier than nonsmokers. • *Most common cause of cancer deaths among American women*

6. Toxic Chemicals in Tobacco Products • Cigarette smoking is a major cause of lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women in the United States. • There are over 4,000 chemicals in tobacco • Over 50 of them are carcinogenic (meaning they cause cancer.) • Carcinogens – cancer causing substances

7. Other chemicals found in tobacco smoke and common items they can be  found in include:

8. Nicotine • Nicotine – the psychoactive chemical in tobacco • Changes a person’s mood or behavior • It is very addictive • Nicotine poisoning • Sickness you feel first couple time smoking • Lightheaded, nausea, cold clammy skin, and sometimes vomiting • Withdrawal from Nicotine • Symptoms – irritability, headache, restlessness, and anxiety

9. Every puff the nicotine travels to the bloodstream and then to the brain, in only 7 seconds • Reason for the immediate effects • Heart beats quicker, blood pressure increases, more alert, and more energetic • Effects last only about 30 Minutes • Reason for the urge for another one

10. TAR • Tobacco smoke contains tiny pieces of solid matter called TAR. • Enter the lungs condense and form a sticky coating on bronchial tubes • If bronchial tubes are not working correctly more likely to get serious respiratory disease

11. TAR • Smoking one pack of cigarettes per day for a full year leaves one quart of tar in your lungs • Just ONE cigarette leaves a noticeable amount of tar in the lungs!

12. Carbon Monoxide • A dangerous gas that is released as the cigarette burns • Interferes with the blood’s ability to carry oxygen • Reason for shortness of breath

13. Effects on the body • Brain • Smoking restricts oxygen flow and causes narrowing of the blood vessels in the brain, can lead to a stroke • Lungs • Introduces cancer-causing agents directly to lung tissue. Impairs the cilia from doing it’s job and clearing out harmful substances. • Increases chance lung cancer and emphysema • Cilia - tiny hairs that line the bronchial tubes • Heart • Nicotine increases heart rate and blood pressure, constricts blood vessels, can lead to a heart attack • Stomach and Intestines • Lead to ulcers • Bladder • Lead to cancer of the bladder

14. Smoking and Disease Smoking causes cancers of the bladder, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx (voice box), esophagus, cervix, kidney, lung, pancreas, and stomach, and causes acute myeloid leukemia. • Lung Cancer • Chemicals in cigarettes may cause changes in the cells genes • Malignant or deadly cells that attack and replace healthy cells • Chronic Bronchitis • Inflammation of the bronchial tubes in lungs and the production of excessive mucus. • Chronic cough and breathing difficulties • Emphysema • Tiny air sacs in the lungs are ruptured or torn. • Air sacs usually absorb oxygen coming in the body and help push carbon dioxide out. • Unable to serve their purpose causing shortness of breath and breathing difficulties • Last many years and is often fatal

15. Cardiovascular disease • Nicotine increases heart rate and blood pressure, and carbon monoxide makes the circulatory system work very hard to deliver oxygen to body’s cells • Overtime both chemicals put a great deal of strain on body’s blood vessels and cause cardiovascular disease. • 2–4 times more likely to develop coronary heart disease than nonsmokers. • Atherosclerosis – • Buildup of fat on the blood vessel walls • Increased chance that a blood vessel will be blocked or break near heart, causing a heart attack • Stroke • Blood vessel breaks or becomes blocked near the brain • Smoking approximately doubles a person's risk for stroke.

16. Reasons Mothers Shouldn’t smoke • There is a greater risk of a miscarriage • The baby might be born early • Low birth weight or other serious health problems • Greater risk the child will develop a respiratory illness

17. Other effects from smoking • Mainstream smoke • Smoke that is inhaled directly into the mouth through a cigarette, pipe, or cigar • Sidestream smoke • Smoke that rises form the cigarette during the time the smoker is not inhaling • 75% of smoke that comes from a cigarette • Person is inhales sidestream smoke is a passive smoker • Contains twice as much tar and nicotine, three times as much carbon monoxide as mainstream smoke • Increases chance of lung cancer and heart disease, also aggravating allergies and respiratory infections.

18. Second-hand Smoke • Secondhand smoke exposure causes respiratory symptoms in children and slows their lung growth. • Secondhand smoke contains at least 250 chemicals known to be toxic, including more than 50 that can cause cancer. • Secondhand smoke exposure causes heart disease and lung cancer in nonsmoking adults. • 3,000 lung cancer deaths every year in U.S. non-smokers. • Heart disease deaths every year in the U.S. that are non-smokers - 48,500

19. Other Tobacco Products • Pipes, Cigars, and smokeless tobacco are sometimes thought to be a safe way to get a fix • Pipes lead to cancer of tongue and lip • Cancers of stomach and larynx more common than with cigarette smokers

21. Smokeless tobacco • Smokeless tobacco contains 28 cancer-causing agents (carcinogens) • Chewing tobacco • Releases juices that contain nicotine and other chemicals • Mix with saliva and get into the bloodstream • Cancer of the mouth, throat, tongue, cheek, and gums • Snuff • Ground up tobacco that is inhaled through the nose or placed between cheek and gum. • Cancer of the mouth and throat

22. Who is using smokeless tobacco? • 1 in 3 adolescents in the United States is using tobacco by the age of 18, and initial use was highest before the age of fourteen. • Out of this group, student athletes were the main users of both dip and snuff.   • The sad part about these facts are that in 1970, only 40 years ago, young men between the ages of 17-19 used spit tobacco the least of any age group.  

23. Who is using smokeless tobacco? • Today, ages 17-19 are the highest, with over 1 million adolescent boys currently using tobacco, according to The Department of Health and Human Services.  

24. Why are they using? • The initiation and development of tobacco use among children and adolescents progresses in 5 stages: • forming attitudes and beliefs about tobacco • trying, • experimenting • regularly using tobacco, • being addicted. • This process generally takes about three years.

25. Quitting Smoking • Immediately: • No longer hurting yourself or others around you with smoke. • After 20 minutes: • Blood pressure drops down back to normal.Pulse rate drops down back to normal.Temperature in hands and feet increases and returns to normal. • After 8 hours: • Carbon monoxide levels in blood return to normalOxygen levels in blood increases and return to normal.

26. Quitting Smoking • After 24 hours: • Chance of heart attack decreases. • After 48 hours: • Sense of smell and taste begins to improve. • After 2-12 weeks: • Circulation improves.Breathing Improves.Walking becomes easier.

27. Quitting Smoking • After 1-9 months: • Coughing and sinus congestion decrease.Shortness of breath decreases.Energy Increases.Lungs increase in ability to self clean and reduce infection. • After 1 year: • Risk of coronary (heart) disease is down. • After 5 years: • Risk of stroke is comparable to that of the average non-smoker. • Lung cancer death rate becomes 1/2 the rate of a smoker.

28. Quitting Smoking • After 10 years: • Life expectancy is now comparable to that of the average non-smoker.Risk of cancer of the mouth, throat, esophagus, bladder, kidney, and pancreas decrease significantly. • After 15 years: • Risk of heart disease is comparable to that of a non-smoker.

29. How to quit • **Do not just hide your cigarettes or lighter** • When the urge comes you will just go and find them • Set a quitting date • Chose a time when you can avoid others who smoke and you won’t be stressed by other factors (vacation) • Take up a sport or hobby to keep yourself occupied and relieve tension (stress) • Decide which approach • “Cold turkey”, completely stop • Gradually cut back on frequency of smoking, until you have completely quit

30. Prepare environment • Cold turkey • Throw away all smoking materials (ashtrays, lighters, cigarettes) • Gradual • Only have the allotted number you are prepared to smoke that day • If you only want to smoke 4 cigarettes, then only keep 4 on you. • Throw the rest away • Get Help if needed • Let friends and family know about your plan • Lean upon them for encouragement and support, especially in moments of weakness • Join a support group