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Dissemination and Interpretation of Time Use Data: The Philippine Experience

Dissemination and Interpretation of Time Use Data: The Philippine Experience. Presented by Jessamyn O. Encarnacion Acting Director, Social Statistics Office National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) International Workshop on Social Statistics November 22-24, 2010 Beijing, China.

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Dissemination and Interpretation of Time Use Data: The Philippine Experience

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  1. Dissemination and Interpretation of Time Use Data: The Philippine Experience Presented by Jessamyn O. Encarnacion Acting Director, Social Statistics Office National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) International Workshop on Social Statistics November 22-24, 2010 Beijing, China Note: Results shown in this presentation are based on a paper by Virola, et.al. on, “Improving the Way We Measure the Increasing Contribution of Women in Nation-Building”, which was presented during the 11th National Convention on Statistics at the EDSA Shangri-La Hotel, Mandaluyong City on 4-5 October 2010

  2. Outline of Presentation • Introduction • Dissemination of the Results of the 2000 Pilot Time Use Survey • The Philippine Experience on the Use of Time Use Data • - Overview of the Methodology • Some Results • Limitations • IV. Other Possible Uses of Time Use Data • V. Concluding Remarks and Recommendations

  3. I. Introduction • 2000 Pilot Time Use Survey in the Philippines • Conducted by the National Statistics Office (NSO) in February 2000 • In cooperation with the Philippine Commission on Women (PCW, then National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women (NCRFW)) and the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) • With financial assistance from CIDA

  4. II. Dissemination of the Results of the 2000 Pilot TUS • I. Final Report on the 2000 Pilot TUS • Published by the National Statistics Office • Includes the following: • 1. Introduction • 2. Work and Financial Plans • 3. Summary of Outputs • 4. Major Accomplishments • 5. Evaluation of Methodologies Used • 6. Insights and Lessons Learned • 7. Data Limitations • 8. Recommendations • 9. Highlights of the Pilot TUS • 10. Statistical Tables • 11 Questionnaire

  5. II. Dissemination of the Results of the 2000 Pilot TUS I. Final Report on the 2000 Pilot TUS (cont.) - Highlights of the Pilot TUS include the following: 1. Demographic characteristics of the sample households (HHs) 2. Socio-economic characteristics of the sample respondents 3. Time allocation of respondents 4. Self-Valuation of Unpaid Housework

  6. II. Dissemination of the Results of the 2000 Pilot TUS • I. Final Report on the 2000 Pilot TUS (cont.) • 3. Time allocation of respondents includes the following: • Housework are mostly done on weekends and about twice more for women compared to men • Child and family care is mostly done by women and more are engaged in shopping • 4. Self-Valuation of Unpaid Housework • Average self-valuation for unpaid work in the sample urban area is 20% higher than those in the sample rural area • Male college graduates in the sample urban area posted higher average self-valuation on unpaid housework

  7. II. Dissemination of the Results of the 2000 Pilot TUS • Forums • 2.1 National Dissemination Forum in 2002 • Conducted by the NSO, NSCB, and the PCW • Presented the :1) outputs of the Project; and 2) highlights of the results • Mostly participated by: • - Data source agencies • - Users and stakeholders • - Academe • - Non-government organization • 2.2 Users’ Forum on Integrating Unpaid Work into National Policies in 2003

  8. II. Dissemination of the Results of the 2000 Pilot TUS • III. Fact Sheet on the 2000 Pilot TUS • Published by the Philippine Commission on Women (PCW, then National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women) • Includes the following: • 1. Respondents and number of sample households; • 2. Objectives of the Pilot TUS; • 3. Survey instruments used; • 4. Mode of data collection; AND • 5. Highlights of the results of the 2000 Pilot TUS

  9. II. Dissemination of the Results of the 2000 Pilot TUS • III. Fact Sheet on the 2000 Pilot TUS (cont.) • Sample Highlights: • “Based on the 2000 PTUS… • Even if women are economically active, they still spend considerable time in child and family care while men tend to spend less time on these activities when economically active. • Men spend more time than women in social, arts and cultural activities (which includes watching television, reading and doing other passive leisure activities) especially on weekends.”

  10. III. The Philippine Experience on the Use of Time Use Data The PSNA Framework and Production Boundary

  11. III. The Philippine Experience on the Use of Time Use Data • Non-Market Services (unaccounted activities) include the • following (from SNA 1993, par. 6.4 ): • Cleaning, decoration and maintenance of the dwelling unit • Cleaning, servicing and repair of household durable goods, including vehicles • Preparation and serving of meals • d. Care, training and instruction of children • Care of sick, infirm or old and • Transportation of members of the household or their goods

  12. III. The Philippine Experience on the Use of Time Use Data • Women usually produce the non-market services (unaccounted activities) in their households! • To adequately measure women’s contribution in society: • - means expanding the definition of the SNA production boundary to include non-market services!

  13. III. The Philippine Experience on the Use of Time Use Data • Past efforts/studies on the valuation of unpaid work using time use data • “Measuring the Contribution of Women to the Philippine Economy”by Romulo A. Virola and Sylvia M. de Perio (1998) • “Women’s Contribution to the Economy”by Romulo A. Virola (1999) • “Do Women Contribute Less Than Men to Nation Building?”by Romulo A. Virola, Jessamyn O. Encarnacion, Armyl G. Zaguirre and Raymond S. Perez (2007) • “Improving the Way We Measure the Increasing Contribution of Women in Nation-Building”by Romulo A. Virola, et. al. (2010)

  14. III. The Philippine Experience on the Use of Time Use Data Overview of the Methodology Using the results of the 2000 Pilot TUS, to include unpaid work: • Conventional GDP by sex • a. Using annual average number of employed persons by sex • b. Using the average hours of paid work by sex • Average hours of paid work was used since it is more reflective of the ‘quantity’ of participation of women and men in the labor force. “Adjusted” GDP • 2. NFIA by sex • a. Net Compensation • Remittances by sex from the SOF were used as weights. • b. Net Property Income • Allocated equally between women and men due to lack of parameters available in the PSS. • 3. Conventional GNP by sex • Sum of GDP and NFIA by sex “Adjusted” GNP

  15. III. The Philippine Experience on the Use of Time Use Data • Different options on the hours of unpaid work • For simulation exercises • 2000 Pilot Time Use results Notes: Option A - Hours used in the 2007 NCS paper based on the results of the 2000 Pilot TUS Option B - Hours used in the 1998 NCS paper based on Illo's 1988 and 1992 srudies Option C - Option B + 0.5 hour each for women and men Option D - Option B + 1.0 hour each for women and men Option E - Option B + 1.0 hour for men Option F - Option B + 2.0 hours for men Sources of basic data: 2000 Pilot Time Use Survey, NSO Illo’s studies (1988, 1992), Institute of Philippine Culture, Ateneo De Manila University • Multiplied by the total number of employed, unemployed and those outside the labor force from the LFS

  16. III. The Philippine Experience on the Use of Time Use Data • Approaches used in the valuation of unpaid work

  17. Exercise 1 Exercise 2 Exercise 3 Average Compensation per Employee, across industries from ASPBI (Annual Survey of Philippine Business and Industry) Employed1/ Average Daily Basic Pay (for all occupations) Average of the Minimum Wage Rate in NCR for the Agricultural and Non-agricultural Sectors) Unemployed2/ Not in the Labor Force2/ Exercise 4 Exercise 5 Exercise 6 Employed2/ Average Daily Basic Pay (for all occupations) Average of the Minimum Wage Rate in NCR for the Agricultural and Non-agricultural sectors) Average Daily Basic Pay of the Laborers and Unskilled Workers (Janitors) Unemployed2/ Not in the Labor Force2/ III. The Philippine Experience on the Use of Time Use Data • Different Exercises done in the Valuation of Unpaid Work • Opportunity Cost and Market Price Approaches Average Daily Basic Pay of the Laborers and Unskilled Workers (Janitors) • Market Price Approach only Notes: 1/ - Using opportunity cost approach 2/ - Using market price approach

  18. III. The Philippine Experience on the Use of Time Use Data Women contribute an average of 39 percent to the country’s conventional GDP from 2000-2009! Table 1. Percentage Distribution of Conventional GDP, by Sex: 2000-2009 (At Current Prices) (In percent) Notes: 1 – The annual estimates were computed using the average of the four survey rounds of the Labor Force Survey. 2 – Per NSCB Resolution No. 15, Series of 2004, the definition of unemployment was changed to adopt internationally recognized practices. The NSO adopted the new definition of unemployment in the LFS questionnaire starting with the April 2005 round. As the data for January were based on the old definition of unemployment, average employment rates for 2005 was computed using the three survey rounds (i.e., April, July and October) for consistency in the definitions used. 3 - The 2000-2009 figures are the averages of the percentages from 2000 to 2009. Sources of basic data: Special computations made by the authors using the National Accounts of the Philippines, National Statistical Coordination Board and the results of the Labor Force Survey, National Statistics Office.

  19. III. The Philippine Experience on the Use of Time Use Data Women account for 27.6 percent of the total NFIA! Table 14. Percentage Distribution of Net Factor Income from Abroad (At Current Prices), by Sex: 2000-2009 (In percent) Note: 1 - The 2000-2009 figures are the averages of the values from 2000 to 2009. Source: Special computations made by the authors using the National Accounts of the Philippines, National Statistical Coordination Board and Survey of Overseas Filipinos, National Statistics Office

  20. III. The Philippine Experience on the Use of Time Use Data Women contribute an average of 38.1 percent to the country’s conventional GNP from 2000 to 2009! Table 15. Percentage Distribution of Conventional GNP (At Current Prices) Using Average Hours of Paid Work1/, by Sex: 2000-2009(In percent) Notes: 1 – The annual estimates were computed using the average of the four survey rounds of the Labor Force Survey. 2 – Per NSCB Resolution No. 15, Series of 2004, the definition of unemployment was changed to adopt internationally recognized practices. The NSO adopted the new definition of unemployment in the LFS questionnaire starting with the April 2005 round. As the data for January were based on the old definition of unemployment, average employment rates for 2005 was computed using the three survey rounds (i.e., April, July and October) for consistency in the definitions used. 3 - The 2000-2009 figures are the averages of the percentages from 2000 to 2009. Sources of basic data: Special computations made by the authors using the National Accounts of the Philippines, National Statistical Coordination Board and the results of the Labor Force Survey, National Statistics Office.

  21. III. The Philippine Experience on the Use of Time Use Data Accounting for Unpaid Work, conventional GDP increases by 38.4 to 79.8 percent! Table 17. Percentage Distribution of Value of Unpaid Hours to Conventional GDP (At Current Prices), by Sex: 2000-2009 (In percent) Note: 1 - The 2000-2009 figures are the averages of the values from 2000 to 2009. Sources of basic data: National Accounts of the Philippines, National Statistical Coordination Board; Annual Survey of Philippine Business and Industry (ASPBI) and Labor Force Survey (LFS), NSO; Average Daily Basic Pay for the Laborers and Unskilled Workers, special computations by BLES Technical Staff using the results of the Labor Force Survey, NSO • For the period 2000-2009, the highest increase in conventional GDP for all the Options was in 2000, which ranged from 41.9 to 85.5 percent.

  22. III. The Philippine Experience on the Use of Time Use Data Accounting for Unpaid Work, the share of women to GDP increased by 4.6 to 9.5 percentage points from 2000-2009! Table 18. Share of Women to Conventional and Adjusted GDP (At Current Prices): 2000-2009 (In percent) Note: 1 - The 2000-2009 figures are the averages of the values from 2000 to 2009. Sources of basic data: National Accounts of the Philippines, National Statistical Coordination Board Annual Survey of Philippine Business and Industry (ASPBI) and Labor Force Survey (LFS), NSO Average Daily Basic Pay for the Laborers and Unskilled Workers, special computations by BLES Technical Staff using the results of the Labor Force Survey, NSO

  23. III. The Philippine Experience on the Use of Time Use Data Women account for 42.8 to 47.3 percent of the adjusted GNP from 2000 to 2009! Table 19. Share of Women and Men to Adjusted GNP (At Current Prices), by Sex: 2000-2009 (In percent) Note: 1 - The 2000-2009 figures are the averages of the values from 2000 to 2009. Sources of basic data: National Accounts of the Philippines, National Statistical Coordination Board; Annual Survey of Philippine Business and Industry (ASPBI) and Labor Force Survey (LFS), NSO Average Daily Basic Pay for the Laborers and Unskilled Workers, special computations by BLES Technical Staff using the results of the Labor Force Survey, NSO

  24. III. The Philippine Experience on the Use of Time Use Data 2010 resulting contribution of unpaid work < Using unpaid work from the special studies in 1988/1992 (Option B) Using unpaid work from the 2000 Pilot TUS (Option A) Option B < Option C < Option E < Option D < Option F < Option A • Different options on the hours of unpaid work Notes: Option A - Hours used in the 2007 NCS paper based on the results of the 2000 Pilot TUS Option B - Hours used in the 1998 NCS paper based on Illo's 1988 and 1992 srudies Option C - Option B + 0.5 hour each for women and men Option D - Option B + 1.0 hour each for women and men Option E - Option B + 1.0 hour for men Option F - Option B + 2.0 hours for men Sources of basic data: 2000 Pilot Time Use Survey, NSO Illo’s studies (1988, 1992), Institute of Philippine Culture, Ateneo De Manila University

  25. III. The Philippine Experience on the Use of Time Use Data Limitations • Concept of Unpaid Work • Should volunteer work, which is considered in some countries, be really included as part of Unpaid Work? • Coverage of the parameters/data source used • a. Should we cover in the LFS the population aged 10-14 years, who also engage in economic activities AND unpaid work? • b. Change in the definition of unemployment • c. Hours of unpaid work • i. Reference year • ii. Areas covered • d. Wages used in the valuation of unpaid work • e. Net property income of NFIA, by sex

  26. IV. Other Possible Uses of Time Use Data • Domestic responsibilities: child and family care • Promotion of a healthy lifestyle: advocacy through media • Community service, organizational and voluntary work: greater cohesiveness • Social security • Other potential uses, e.g., towards measuring genuine progress of societies

  27. VI. Concluding Remarks and Recommendations • Review/assessment of the 2000 Pilot TUS • Conduct of a national time-use survey • Challenge to official statisticians to COMMUNICATE, that is, not just disseminate, STATISTICS! • Challenge to users of statistics to DEMONSTRATE ACTUAL POLICY USES of these statistics! • Capacity building of users of statistics • Advocacy to various stakeholders specially policymakers • Institutionalization/special feature of women’s contribution to the economy in the Philippine System of National Accounts

  28. Maraming Salamat Po! URL: http://www.nscb.gov.ph e-mail: info@nscb.gov.ph

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