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Introduction to Physics: From Basics to Applications

Explore the fundamental concepts of physics, from kinematics to fluid mechanics and thermodynamics. Understand the laws of physics and their impact on modern technology. Learn about standard units, dimensional analysis, vectors, and more.

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Introduction to Physics: From Basics to Applications

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  1. Phys 1111KSpring 2005 Course Overview Dr. Perera Room: 507 Science Annex Phone: 651-2709, 3221/3222

  2. Introduction • What is Physics ? • Understanding nature • Laws of Physics • Wide spread impact on modern technology • Every minute of your life is involved in Physics • Needs and Uses Even without knowing it • A Fundamental Science  Welcome to Introduction to • Physics

  3. MainSections • Kinematics • Classical Mechanics (Chs 1-10) • both Transnational and Rotational Dynamics • Fluid Mechanics (Ch 11) • Thermodynamics (Chs 12-13) • Heat • Temperature

  4. Ch 1 Pre Requisites • Co-ordinate System (Cartesian) •      Trigonometry • Pythagorean Theorem • Sinθ • CosθPythagorean Theorem • Tan θ • Algebra • Quadratic Equations • Powers of 10 • Symbols • Δx, μ,n, p

  5. CGS British SI Length centimeter (cm) foot (ft) meter (m) Mass gram (g) slug (sl) kilogram (kg) Time second (s) second (s) second (s) Standards and Units • Why do we need standard units ? • King Louis • Yard • Royal foot

  6. SI Units • Le System International Units • meter : Light travels in a vacuum in time of 1/ 299792458 seconds • kilogram : Standard cylinder of Pl-Iridium alloy at room temperature • second : Cs-133 atomic clock – time for 9192631770 wave cycles to occur

  7. Conversion of Units 1 meter = 100 centimeter = 1000 millimeter (mm) 103 meter = 1000 meters = 1 kilometer 0.001 meter = 10-3 meter = 1 millimeter 3.281 feet = 1 meter 5280 feet = 1 mile 3600 seconds = 1 hour 0.65 miles / hour = 95 feet / second = 29 meters / second

  8. Significant Figures Keep the same number of significant figures in the answer as in the least accurate number 3.5 × 10.6 = 37 (not 37.1) 0 ± 0.1 0 ± 0.1 35 39 Uncertainty : Quality of the apparatus Skill of the experimenter Number of measurements

  9. Dimensional Analysis • Distance - [L] •        Mass - [M] •        Time - [T] • Check whether an equation is mathematically correct • Find an unknown exponent

  10. Vectors and Scalars • Addition and subtraction •        Multiplying by a number •       Components • Vector addition by Components • Vector addition by Graphing

  11. Vector Addition • (Due East) Resultant Displacement R = A+ B • Due East and then Due north R = A +B 5 = 4 +3 ? Find Theta

  12. What if Vectors are not Perpendicular ? Can we say R = A +B ? But Pythagorean Theorem valid ? Graphical Technique A = 275 m, B =125 m Scale 1 cm = 10 m R = 228 m

  13. Vector Components r = X + Y r  A, X Ax Y AY

  14. Different Axes Vector Components depend on the orientation of the axes Scalar components (With positive or negative sign)

  15. Adding Vectors Using Components C = A +B, C = Cx + CY A = Ax +Ay CX = B = Bx + By CY =

  16. y y y 35 BX By AX AX B B B A A A Ay Ay R R R 20 20 x x x Example 8 A+B=R A=Ax+Ay B=Bx+By Note By is in negative direction.

  17. Example 8 (continued)

  18. Example 8 (continued)

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