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Techniques for Reducing Emissions of Heavy Metals in the HM Protocol

This workshop, held in Yerevan, Armenia, on 15 May, focuses on promoting the ratification of the Protocol on Heavy Metals across the UN ECE region. The workshop discusses techniques for reducing emissions of heavy metals, including legal frameworks, best available techniques, and costs and benefits. Relevant topics include industrial activities, BAT, ELVs, and technical aspects.

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Techniques for Reducing Emissions of Heavy Metals in the HM Protocol

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  1. Techniques for reducing emissions of Heavy Metals within the framework of the HM Protocol Workshop to promote the ratification of the Protocol on Heavy Metals across the UN ECE region, 15 May, Yerevan, Armenia Andre Peeters Weem, InfoMil, The Netherlands

  2. Introduction • Annexes to the HM Protocol • Industrial activities in The Netherlands • Legal framework of BAT • Technical aspects of BAT • Costs and benefits • Conclusions InfoMil is een opdracht van VROM en onderdeel van SenterNovem

  3. Annexes to the HM Protocol • Annex I, II, III and V • I : Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd) and Mercury (Hg) • II : Industrial activities, • III : Best Available Techniques (BAT) • V : Emission Limit Values (ELVs) InfoMil is een opdracht van VROM en onderdeel van SenterNovem

  4. Industrial activities Annex II • Combustion installations > 50 MW • Metal ore roasting or sintering installations • Production of iron or steel • Foundries • Production of non ferrous metals • Smelting of copper, lead and zinc • Production of cement clinker • Production of glass using lead • Chlor-alkali production using mercury cell process. • Incineration of hazardous or medical waste • Incineration of municipal waste InfoMil is een opdracht van VROM en onderdeel van SenterNovem

  5. Annex III : BAT • Process Integrated measures (Primary) • End- of-pipe measures (secondary) • Primary: Control of input and process • Secondary: • reduction of emissions of Particulate Matter (PM) or • adsorption (for Hg). InfoMil is een opdracht van VROM en onderdeel van SenterNovem

  6. Performance of dust-cleaning devices expressed as hourly average dust concentrations InfoMil is een opdracht van VROM en onderdeel van SenterNovem

  7. Industrial activities in the Netherlands InfoMil is een opdracht van VROM en onderdeel van SenterNovem

  8. Legal framework of BAT • EU legislation: • IPPC Directive • LCP directive, WID • Dutch legislation • Environmental management act • Decree on Large Combustion Plants (BEES) • Decree on Waste Incineration • Dutch emission guideline InfoMil is een opdracht van VROM en onderdeel van SenterNovem

  9. Legal framework of BAT • ELVs based on BAT in permits • ELVs based on BAT in general binding rules • Information about BAT and ELV’s made available in information documents • EU BREFs • Dutch emission guideline InfoMil is een opdracht van VROM en onderdeel van SenterNovem

  10. Technical Aspects of BAT Fabric Filter InfoMil is een opdracht van VROM en onderdeel van SenterNovem

  11. Technical Aspects of BAT Electrostatic precipitator InfoMil is een opdracht van VROM en onderdeel van SenterNovem

  12. Technical Aspects of BAT Adsorption on Activated Carbon InfoMil is een opdracht van VROM en onderdeel van SenterNovem

  13. Technical aspects of BAT • FF and ESP can applied to all categories in Annex II except chlor-alkali Reference: EU BREFs InfoMil is een opdracht van VROM en onderdeel van SenterNovem

  14. Technical aspects of BAT • General standards for ELVs in The Netherlands: • PM: 5 or 20 mg/m3 • Cd: 0,05 mg/m3 • Hg: 0,05 mg/m3 • Pb: 0,5 mg/m3 InfoMil is een opdracht van VROM en onderdeel van SenterNovem

  15. Technical aspects of BAT InfoMil is een opdracht van VROM en onderdeel van SenterNovem

  16. Costs and benefits • Positive impact on • HM, • POPs (PCDD/F, PAHs) • Particulate matter • Occupational Health • Product quality InfoMil is een opdracht van VROM en onderdeel van SenterNovem

  17. Costs and benefits • Quality of cost data unclear • Cost data Netherlands 1998: • Investment costs: -1000 – 5000 Euro/1000 m3/h • Operating costs • 20 to 40% of investment InfoMil is een opdracht van VROM en onderdeel van SenterNovem

  18. Costs and benefits • Cost Effectiveness = costs /kg. PM reduced • Dutch standard cost effectiveness for PM (1998): • 2.3 Euro/kg PM reduction • EGTEI estimate cost effectiveness for PM ( 2004): • For glass production 5.4 Euro/kg PM reduction • For Refinery FCC: 6 Euro/kg PM reduction InfoMil is een opdracht van VROM en onderdeel van SenterNovem

  19. Costs and benefits • Costs per kg HM reduced: • Depend on concentration of HM • Up to 50 times costs for PM • Attribution of costs to different pollutants InfoMil is een opdracht van VROM en onderdeel van SenterNovem

  20. Costs and benefits • Sources of information: • EGTEI: http://www.citepa.org/forums/egtei/egtei_index.htm • DFIU/IFARE: http://www-dfiu.wiwi.uni-karlsruhe.de/DFIU • ESPREME: http://espreme.ier.uni-stuttgart.de/ • IIASA • InfoMil: http://www.infomil.nl/english InfoMil is een opdracht van VROM en onderdeel van SenterNovem

  21. Conclusion • Techniques in Annex III applied in the Netherlands • ELVs below levels in Annex V • Combined benefits for HM, POP and PM InfoMil is een opdracht van VROM en onderdeel van SenterNovem

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