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Broadcast Rights

Broadcast Rights. Wide. Play Calls. History of Broadcast Sports NCAA Controls on Broadcasting NCAA v. Oklahoma University and the University of Georgia (1984) College Football Association Current Playing Field Bowl Championship Series. Sports and TV History.

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Broadcast Rights

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  1. Broadcast Rights Wide

  2. Play Calls • History of Broadcast Sports • NCAA Controls on Broadcasting • NCAA v. Oklahoma University and the University of Georgia (1984) • College Football Association • Current Playing Field • Bowl Championship Series

  3. Sports and TV History • In 1938, first college football game was broadcast • In 1945, less than 7,000 TV sets in the US, and only 9 stations • 3 in New York City • 2 in Chicago • 2 in Los Angeles • 1 in Philadelphia • 1 in Schenectady • In 1946, NBC’s “Gillette Cavalcade of Sports” air Joe Louis/Billy Conn fight • 150,000 viewers • 5,000 televisions

  4. Sports and TV History • In 1951, NCAA revokes marketing policy for sports. • In 1960, Winter Olympics broadcasted. • $500,000 cost • 15 hours of coverage • In 1963, instant replay is introduced at Army-Navy football game. • In 1964, instant replay is used regularly in the NFL. • In 1979, ESPN is introduced.

  5. Sports and TV History • In 1984, Oklahoma and Georgia sue NCAA • In 1991, Notre Dame negotiates its own contract with NBC • In 1998, the Bowl Championship Series is created. • In 2000, NBC began exclusive broadcast of Olympics • 3.5 Billion Dollars

  6. NCAA Controls • University of Pennsylvania challenges NCAA authority to control TV broadcasts. • Association-wide television contract signed in 1952 between NCAA and NBC • $1.14 Million • Exclusive Saturday broadcast

  7. Conract Details • Exclusive rights to college football • Rights fees distributed to schools that appeared on TV. • Limits for the number of times a team could appear on TV. • Game selection controlled by network

  8. Dissention In Ranks • Multiple appearances by football powerhouses • Some teams never appeared on the game of the week • Tension among schools because fees were distributed according to TV appearances • Powerhouses wanted more money.

  9. College Football Association • 62 Football schools formed the CFA in 1977 • All members were still part of the NCAA • Original purpose was to coordinate lobbying efforts on behalf of college football • Included universities from major conferences: • SEC • ACC • WAC • Big 8 • SWC • Independents • Did not include the Big Ten or Pac Ten

  10. CFA and TV • Increase demand for college football • Increase share of revenue for powerhouse schools • In 1981, the CFA was offered $180M by NBC

  11. NCAA’s New Plan • Required CBS and ABC to feature 82 different teams over a two year period. • Maximum 6 appearances for any team over two years • No more than 4 national appearances

  12. NCAA v. Oklahoma University and University of Georgia1984 • Plaintiffs sought to terminate the NCAA’s central control of broadcast rights • New broadcast plan was in violation of Sherman Act • Individual schools should be able to negotiate broadcast rights

  13. NCAA’s Argument • NCAA recognized that controls could be potential violation of Sherman Act. • College football market with no controls would: • Adversely affect actual attendance at games • Concentrate recruiting advantages in traditional powers • Doom weaker schools to obscurity

  14. Broadcast Vacuum • Some games were put into syndication • Broadcast rights fees decreased sharply • Many schools looked to the CFA for joint TV negotiation

  15. Immediate Aftermath • CFA’s 1st contract with ABC for $12M for one year • Big Ten and Pac Ten signed with CBS for $9.6M for one year • New era of competition between networks • Additional freedom for schools • ESPN joins the mix

  16. The Numbers? • 4x’s as many games available on TV after 1984 • Rights fees to schools dropped: • Under NCAA plan - $74M • Under CFA - $31 • 30 second advertising costs • 1983 - $60,000 • 1984 - $15,000

  17. CFA Reign

  18. More Dissention • In 1987, ABC offered the SEC $24M to leave the CFA. • Lower profile teams sacrificed to keep SEC in the CFA.

  19. ABC Takes Control • In 1991, ABC/ESPN signs both the CFA and Big Ten/Pac Ten contracts • ABC moves to more regional broadcasts • Forces a member school out.

  20. NBC and Notre Dame B N C

  21. NBC and Notre Dame B C 4 years - $38M

  22. Notre Dame Bertelli Lujack Hart Lattner Hornung Huarte Brown

  23. YEAR RECORD COACH 1924 10-0-0 Knute Rockne 1929 9-0-0 Knute Rockne 1930 10-0-0 Knute Rockne 1943 9-1-0 Frank Leahy 1946 8-0-1 Frank Leahy 1947 9-0-0 Frank Leahy 1949 10-0-0 Frank Leahy 1966 9-0-1 Ara Parseghian 1973 11-0-0 Ara Parseghian 1977 11-1-0 Dan Devine 1988 12-0-0 Lou Holtz Notre Dame

  24. Notre Dame

  25. Notre Dame

  26. Notre Dame

  27. Notre Dame

  28. Hitting the fan • Fox takes over professional football • CBS is left without football • CBS makes direct pitch to SEC • $85M for five years • Guaranteed 6 national exposures

  29. CFA demise • No Notre Dame • No Penn State • No Big Ten • No Pac Ten • No SEC • ESPN, ESPN2, ESPN8, Fox and Fox Sports • CFA closed its books on June 30, 1997 and dispersed its assets to member institutions

  30. The Networks ESPN

  31. BCS Rules • The previous ranking system has resulted in multiple National Champions • BCS established to ensure a #1 vs. #2 game • A new ranking was created • Factors AP and Coaches Poll • Strength of Schedule • Losses

  32. Class Struggle • Exclusion from Big-Money Bowls • Damaging the ability to build a fan base • Creation of the Presidential Coalition for Athletic Reform

  33. Going Bowling • Also solidified the idea of Top Tier Bowls $13.5 Million TOTAL PAYOUT PER TEAM $13.5 Million $13.5 Million $13.5 Million GRAND TOTAL: $108 Million

  34. Lower Tier Bowls $750,000 $750,000 $750,000 $800,000 $750,000 $780,000 $750,000 $750,000 $1,200,000 $2,000,000 $750,000 $1,350,000 $750,000 $1,000,000 $750,000 $1,350,000 $750,000 $1,300,000 $1,900,000 $800,000 $2,550,000 $3,000,000 $1,600,000 $5,125,000

  35. Bowl Comparison BCS Bowls $108 million 4 Bowls 8 Teams Lower Bowls $64.51 million 24 Bowls 48 Teams

  36. BCS Conferences 63 Teams

  37. The Have Nots 52 Teams INDEPENDENTS

  38. Discussion and Questions?

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