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Strategies and technologies to be promoted to extend Green Revolution for the states of U.P, Chattisgarh, West Bengal ,

Strategies and technologies to be promoted to extend Green Revolution for the states of U.P, Chattisgarh, West Bengal , Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa. S. K. Sanyal Vice-Chancellor Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, PIN - 741252. WEST BENGAL : AN OVERVIEW. 2.

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Strategies and technologies to be promoted to extend Green Revolution for the states of U.P, Chattisgarh, West Bengal ,

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  1. Strategies and technologies to be promoted to extend Green Revolution for the states of U.P, Chattisgarh, West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa. S. K. Sanyal Vice-Chancellor Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, PIN - 741252

  2. WEST BENGAL : AN OVERVIEW 2

  3. Hill Zone (2.4 to 8 lakh ha) Terai Zone (2.149 lakh ha) Old Alluvial Zone (17.537 lakh ha New Alluvial Zone (15.304 lakh ha) Red and Laterite Zone (24.842 lakh ha Coastal and Saline Zone (14.569 lakh ha AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONES OF WEST BENGAL

  4. Progress of agriculture production in West Bengal (1975-76 to 2009-10)

  5. Annual growth rate of rice, food grain and populations in West Bengal (1970-71 to 2008-09)

  6. Production and Requirement of Food grains in West Bengal

  7. Percentage share of area and production of Aus, Aman and Boro Rice in Total Rice in West Bengal during 2007-08 Source: Agricultural Department, Government of West Bengal

  8. The current status of productivity in the State vis-à-vis National Level (Yield rate in kg/ha. Jute – bales/ha) (* - Based on two years average; ** - Based on three years average (2006-09). # - including mesta)

  9. Present status of productivity gap of Rice in State as well as National level

  10. Present status of productivity gap of Wheat in State as well as National level

  11. Present status of productivity gap of Pulses in State as well as National level

  12. Present status of productivity gap of Oilseeds in State as well as National level

  13. Present status of productivity gap of Potato in State as well as National level

  14. Present status of productivity gap of Jute in State as well as National level Yield (bales/ha)

  15. MAJOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION CONSTRAINTS • About 12 m ha of rain fed rice in the region are subject to vagaries of monsoon & occurrence of dry spells. • Single crop production enterprise in small holdings (0.15 to 0.30 ha) is not sustainable. • Lack of rain water conservation & ground water recharge. • Existence of soil acidity problems is about 50 lakh ha in WB, Jharkhand & Orissa. • Widespread deficiency of plant nutrients in soil (N, P, Zn, S & B). • Soil degradation in about 30% area. • Natural calamities – drought, flood, cyclone especially in coastal region. • Soil & water pollution with heavy metals (As, Fe & others)

  16. Arsenic contamination in West Bengal (Source: http:/www.soesju.org)

  17. Arsenic Toxicity Symptoms • Increased incidence of Lung disease and Hypertension was found in arsenic exposed people compared to unexposed people. • High Arsenic (As) level in Urine & Hair has been observed in spite of intake of safe water. • Arsenical symptoms persist despite safe water intake for 5 years or more. • Significant Arsenic excretion occurs through urine and hair in these subjects. • Thus combined effect of high Arsenic in food & water have additive effect on Biomarkers & human health. Source: DNGM Research Foundation, 2009

  18. Arsenic content in rice, vegetables and fruits at the study site (Arsenic affected area)

  19. Low arsenic accumulating rice varieties and landraces suitable for arsenic contaminated area: IR64, Khitish, Gobindabhog etc.

  20. Promotion of the rice cultivars: IR 64 or Khitishfor arsenic contaminated areas as replacement of Satabdi. Low arsenic accumulating crops like potato, Pumpkin, Sesame, Green gram , sunflower can be safely included in cropping sequence to minimize the arsenic entry into the food-chain. Introduction of surface irrigation system through installation of large-scale water harvesting structures in the contaminated areas.

  21. Recommendations for immediate implementation Reduced use of ground water as irrigation source: Use of pond (surface) water (harvested rain water) has been observed to reduce arsenic loading in edible parts of different crops like kharif rice (24%), boro rice (20%), mustard (30%), wheat (31%), potato (30%), as compared to the crops exposed to irrigation through shallow tube well water (STW).  Increased use of Organic Manure: Vermicompost, oil cakes (mustard and castor cakes), FYM, Green manure (Sesbaniarostrata) were observed to reduce soil arsenic availability to standing crops. (Vermicompost was most efficient in this regard, reduced 55.2% grain Arsenic loading in boro rice over the control counterparts.)  Inorganics as soil amendments: ZnSO4, FeSO4, CaSiO3, elevated levels of phosphate were established as efficient inorganic amendments to reduce soil arsenic availability to standing crops.

  22. Development Model for the State of West Bengal Flood control & Drainage Soil & Water Conservation Reclamation of saline soil Forest & Social Forestry Dev. Irrigation Dev. & rain water conservation Land Improvement and Development Crop improvement Fruits, vegetables floriculture, spices Cattle (milk), Goat/pig (meat), Poultry/duck (egg) & Fishery Agricultural production cropping intensity Overall Development in Agricultural and Allied Sectors State Level Priorities Zonal Level Priorities Agricultural processing fruits/vegetables Seed production Biofertiliser industry Animal production processing Biopesticides industries Silk & Lac culture Arsenic problem Feed mill Handicrafts cane/mat/jute Agro-based industries jute/cotton/wood etc. Agricultural process coir/bamboo/mat

  23. Areas of prioritization • Agricultural development in the State of West Bengal in future may have the strategy with following prioritization. While strategy for the next plan will be relatively a short-term one, that up to 2025 A.D. will be long-term strategy. • The objectives of such agricultural development plan would be as follows: • Increasing agricultural production and productivity using natural resources as much as possible without harming the existing agro-ecological balances. • Genetic improvement of crop varieties with higher yield potentiality, adaptability under various biotic and abiotic stresses keeping in view the changing climate, following well planned research and developmental programme suitable for different agro-ecological situations. • Employment generation as well as livelihood security of the vast rural population of the State. • Generation of viable, low-cost agro-technology suitable for different agro-ecological situations. • Capacity building of the farming communities through extensive training and demonstration programme: • Institution credit support to the farmers. • Agro-based processing industries.

  24. Major Strategies: • To maintain the productivity of major cereals in irrigated agro-ecosystem, especially in rice. • Value-addition in rice, pulse etc for better market price vis-à-vis more earning from the same area of land. • Promotion of quality seed/planting materials production for rice, pulse, vegetables and fruits. • Development of abiotic and biotic stress tolerant variety for rice, pulse, jute, fruits and vegetables using modern tools and techniques.

  25. Constraints (BCKV) • Inadequate infrastructure for adopting modern tools and techniques due to insufficient fund flow. • Shortage of manpower, infrastructure and resources in the Zonal Research Stations for undertaking zone specific need-based research and extension programme. • University has shortage of man-power which is impeding teaching , research and extension works. • Lack of fund for translational research, particularly in the field of variety development.

  26. Emerging areas of research for innovation and customization of technologies Development of varieties for principal crops suitable for agro-ecological zones and capable to withstand biotic and abiotic stresses Development, validation and training related to seed production technologies for principal crops across agro-ecological regions Formulation of site-specific integrated plant nutrient management system to augment productivity and to sustain soil health and resilience at the same time Formulation of IPM modules across agro-ecological regions for eco-friendly management of pest-disease-weed. Development and administration of appropriate post-harvest technologies for fruits, vegetables and other commercial crops for value addition. Sensitization and motivation of entrepreneurship for linking producer-customer through producer companies developed with stakeholders

  27. Thank you

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