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Introduction-Overview

Learn why GIS is essential, what it can achieve, how it operates, and explore examples of its diverse applications in mapping, analysis, and problem-solving.

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Introduction-Overview

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  1. Introduction-Overview • Why use a GIS? • What can a GIS do? • How does a GIS work? • GIS definitions_

  2. Why use a GIS? • An extension of the paper map, but much more than a map, as you will see. • GIS uses the analytical power of the computer to complete complex tasks. • Computer's storage power to manage large data sets. • Integration of many different types of data from many different sources. • GIS maps a variety of different data to the same coordinate space (combination). • More media stable than paper media, and easier to distribute via the net. • Faster and easier update. • Creation and use of "one-time" maps. • Tailor-made maps. • Elimination of some user bias. • GIS brings new tools for thinking differently about geographic data._

  3. What can a GIS do? • Locate geographic features based on properties. • Identify and analyze properties of geographic features based on location. • Estimate economic effects of land-use regulation. • Determine the optimal locations of new businesses. • Generate optimal routing and scheduling delivery and repair services. • Determine the ground area covered by a new cellular phone network. • Delineate watershed boundaries. • Predict vegetation types based on elevation, slope, and aspect. • Predict landslide hazard for harvest units. • Epidemeology. • Locate natural areas that need protection. • Make colorful and interesting maps._

  4. Examples of what a GIS can do • Example 1: Where is a given feature or set of features? Where are forest stands greater than 100 years of age?

  5. Examples of what a GIS can do • Example 2: What features are at a given location? • What is the age of the forest near the 1050 Road?

  6. Examples of what a GIS can do • Example 3: Where are areas that meet a given complex set of criteria? What parts of the forest are located: • closer than 100 ft to a stream, and • farther than 50 ft from a road, • on > 30% slope?

  7. Examples of what a GIS can do • Example 4: How can operation costs be calculated with a GIS? • What is the average yarding distance for each stand in the forest?

  8. Examples of what a GIS can do • Example 5: How can watershed analysis data be generated within a GIS? • What are the road and stream densities (mi / sq. mi) for the forest area?

  9. Examples of GIS maps topographic mapping

  10. Examples of GIS maps orthophoto image maps

  11. Examples of GIS maps surface drapes & 3-D modeling

  12. Examples of GIS maps classified thematic mapping

  13. Examples of GIS maps research documentation

  14. coordinate data each feature has a record tabular data How does GIS work? • Combination of and

  15. hardware, • software, • data, • people, and • methods GIS definitions • "A system of hardware, software, and procedures designed to support the capture, management, manipulation, analysis, modeling and display of spatially-referenced data for solving complex planning and management problems." • A working GIS integrates five key components:

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