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Axial Skeleton. Bones of the Axial Skeleton. Number of bones Names of regions Special features (handout) Suture Meatus Process Fossa Foramen Fissure Condyle. Bones of the Skull. 28 Bones Cranium – 8 Face – 14 Ossicles - 6
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Bones of the Axial Skeleton • Number of bones • Names of regions • Special features (handout) • Suture • Meatus • Process • Fossa • Foramen • Fissure • Condyle
Bones of the Skull • 28 Bones • Cranium – 8 • Face – 14 • Ossicles - 6 • All joined by immoveable joints except the lower jaw (mandible).
Cranial Bones – 8 Bones • Enclose and protect the brain. • Dome shape – strongest architectural shape. • Connected by immoveable joints – sutures.
Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital
Sutures Coronal Sagittal Lambdoidal Squamous
Temporal Bone – Special Features Mandibular Fossa External Auditory Meatus Zygomatic Process Mastoid Process Styloid Process
Occipital Bone – Special Features • Foramen magnum
Sphenoid • Single bone which extends across the skull behind each orbital cavity. • Forms the temples.
Sphenoid Special Features • Optic foramen • Superior orbital fissure
Ethmoid • Posterior to the nasal bone. • Not visible from the outside. Ethmoid
Sinuses • Air filled cavities. • Used for speech. • Passageways for blood vessels and nerves. • Named for the bone that contains them. • Frontal • Ethmoid • Sphenoid • Sphenoid • Maxillary
Facial Bones - 14 • Enclose and protect the facial organs. • Mandible – 1 • Largest and strongest bone of the skull. • Only moveable bone of the skull. • Mandibular condyle • TMJ. • Tooth socket
Maxilla • Upper jaw bone and extends into the mouth forming the hard palate. • 2 bones which fuse before birth. • Tooth socket
Facial Bones Palatine Nasal Zygomatic Lacrimal Inferior Concha Vomer
Ossicles - 6 bones • 3 bones in each middle ear region. • Smallest bones of the body. • Completely ossified at birth. • Vibrate to carry sound waves into the inner ear where the sound receptors are located. • Malleus – hammer • Incus – anvil • Stapes - stirrup
Hyoid • Single bone • Located in the neck under the tongue. • Only floating bone of the body. • Does not articulate with any other bone.
Vertebral Column • Flexible group of 26 articulated vertebra. • Cervical Curve • Holds head up • Thoracic curve • To sit up • Lumbar curve • To stand up and walk
Cervical Vertebra • 7 bones – breakfast • 1st cervical vertebra is the atlas • Articulates with occipital bone • Allows for nodding head “yes” • 2nd cervical vertebra is the axis • Articulates with atlas • Allows for shaking the head “no”
Thoracic Vertebra • 12 bones – lunch. • All of the ribs connect to thoracic vertebra. • Looks like a giraffe.
Lumbar Vertebra • 5 bones – supper. • Looks like a moose.
Sacrum • Several bones fuse into one bone. • Coccyx • Several bones fuse into one bone. • Tail bone.
Spinous process • Process on the posterior side. • Can be palpated. • Transverse process • Processes on the lateral sides. • Vertebral foramen • Hole in the center of all vertebra except sacrum and coccyx • Houses the spinal cord • Body • Flat area separated by intervertebral disks.
Cervical • 3 foramen • Thoracic • Giraffe • Lumbar • Moose
Vertebral column is flexible due to a pad of cartilage between the bones. • Intervertebral disk • Holes between each of the vertebra except the sacum and coccyx for nerves to connect to the spinal cord. • Intervertebral foramen
Swayback Hunchback
Sternum • Manubrium – upper shield • Contains the jugular notch for the jugular veins. • Body • Used in CPR to compress the heart between the sternum and vertebral column. • Xiphoid process • Cartilage section
CPR Compression of the heart between the sternum and the thoracic vertebra.
Ribs • 24 bones • Attached to the sternum by costal cartilage. • True ribs – 14 bones • Direct attachment to sternum • False ribs – 6 bones • Attach to the last true ribs • Floating ribs – 4 bones • Do not attach to the sternum • All attach to thoracic vertebra