By Markus Apel

1. By Markus Apel

2. 1. Definition Nationalism is a political ideology that involves a strong identification of a group of individuals with a political entity defined in national terms, i.e. a nation It can be a belief that citizenship in a state should be limited to one ethnic, cultural, religious, or identity group, or that multinationality in a single state should necessarily comprise the right to express and exercise national identity even by minorities

3. 2. History In Europe before the development of nationalism, people were generally loyal to a city or to a particular leader rather than to their nation Encyclopaedia Britannica identifies the movement's genesis with the late-18th century American Revolution and French Revolution; other historians point specifically to the ultra-nationalist party in France during the French Revolution

4. 3. Varieties 3.1. Civic nationalism 3.2. Ethnocentrism 3.3. National purity 3.4. Left - wing nationalism 3.5. Territorial nationalism 3.6. Ultranationalism 3.7. Anti-colonial nationalism

5. Civic Nationalism?

6. Civic nationalism (also known as liberal nationalism) defines the nation as an association of people who identify themselves as belonging to the nation, who have equal and shared political rights, and allegiance to similar political procedures

7. 3.2. Ethnocentrism Ethnic nationalism or Ethnocentrism is a form of nationalism wherein the “nation" is defined in terms of ethnicity Whatever specific ethnicity is involved, ethnic nationalism always includes some element of descent from previous generations and the implied claim of ethnic essentialism, i.e. the understanding of ethnicity as an essence that remains unchanged over time

8. 3.3. National purity Some nationalists exclude certain groups. Some nationalists, defining the national community in ethnic, linguistic, cultural, historic, or religious terms (or a combination of these), may then seek to deem certain minorities as not truly being a part of the 'national community' as they define it Sometimes a mythic homeland is more important for the national identity than the actual territory occupied by the nation

9. 3.4. Left – wing nationalism Left-wing nationalism describes a form of nationalism officially based upon equality, popular sovereignty, and national self- determination It has its origins in the Jacobinism of the French Revolution

10. 3.5. Territorial nationalism Territorial nationalists assume that all inhabitants of a particular nation owe allegiance to their country of birth or adoption Citizenship is idealized by territorial nationalist

11. 3.6. Ultranationalism Ultranationalism is a zealous nationalism that expresses extremist support for one's nationalist ideals It is often characterized by authoritarianism Prevalent ultranationalism typically leads to or is the result of conflict within a state, and or between states, and is identified as a condition of pre-war in national politics In its extremist forms ultranationalism is characterized as a call to war against enemies of the nation/state

12. 3.7. Anti-colonial nationalism This form of nationalism came about during the decolonialisation of the post war period It was a reaction mainly in Africa and Asia against being subdued by foreign powers Post-colonial national governments have been essentially indigenous forms of the previous imperial administration

13. 4. Symbols of national identity • national flags and national anthems are symbols of national identity • they can be religious or political • deep emotions are aroused

14. Links http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalism http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_La_libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg http://bestforpuzzles.com/trivia/quiz/flags/world.gif http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Paisos_catalans_belfast.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism http://academic.mu.edu/meissnerd/robespierre2.jpg http://smartessay.co/wp-content/uploads/1243169_china_dragons.jpg http://www.ekantipur.com/uploads/tkp/news/2010/gallery_08_31/nationalism_20100901083816.jpg http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_hk2dup6KMsI/TSTllKjZ6iI/AAAAAAAAAWI/AIno1vO3Dsg/s1600/bismarck.jpg http://andrewsullivan.thedailybeast.com/.a/6a00d83451c45669e20120a667d45f970c-500wi http://www.armeniangenocidedebate.com/files/gallery/MiscImages/TurkishArmy.jpg

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