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Telework. Definitions, Issues and Trends. Teleworker!. What is Telework?. Telework or telecommuting occurs when paid workers reduce their commute by carrying out all or part of, their work away from normal places of business, usually home.
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Telework Definitions, Issues and Trends
What is Telework? • Telework or telecommuting occurs when paid workers reduce their commute by carrying out all or part of, their work away from normal places of business, usually home. • Some definitions suggest that all telework must use technology • Other definitions suggest that it refers only to employees. In Europe telework is employees and self-employed home based workers
Discussion of Telework Bases • From policy perspective, there is a risk in defining telework too narrowly. Issues such as frequency, number of hours, distance from work and method of work are variances to be worked out to meet employer needs • Core element of telework is people doing work at locations different from normal • Frequency of telework –same whether full, part time, periodic or ad-hoc. Key is the activity not frequency
Discussions of Telework Bases • Telework applies to “paid workers” which includes: • Employees, self employed contractors and home based consultants using technology • Nature or length of commute does not matter • Use of IT: technology is the enabler of telework but not always—creative work at home without technology qualifies
Factors Affecting Telework • Job must be suited, at least in part, to performance at remote location • Capabilities and personal characteristics of employee appropriate to working without supervision • Managers must accept concept • Employees must feel comfortable with telecommuting in terms of personal habits, effects on social interaction and career advancement • Suitable workplace and available technology
Factors Affecting Telework • Level of motivation- local transport environment will be important in establishing level of motivation • Cost benefit implications for business • Social isolation and promotion considerations
Telework Forms • Electronic homework- paid full employment form home • Telecottages-shared facilities from which teleworking to other locations can take place- shared access telework facilities in rural areas in UK/Europe • Nomadic or mobile workers- use portable ICT equipment and work from combination of locations • Remote offices- specialist offices- telephone call centers (United Awards in Huntingdon, WV) • Group or team telework- geographically distributed work made possible by ICT
Interactions Between Telework and Travel • Substitution- telecoms decreases travel • Enhancement- telecoms stimulates travel • Operational Efficiency- telecoms improves travel by making system more efficient • Indirect, Long Term Impacts- does telecoms affect location and land use?
Participation in Telework • Americans who work from home at least one day a week- 24.1 million in 2004; 23.5 million in 2003 • Full time teleworkers increased to 12.4 million from 8.8 million in 2003 (41 percent increase • Dominant or typical worker is regular employee with range of skills • Increasingly managers are tele-commuting- why?