Vegetative Structure

1. Vegetative Structure • Embryogenesis • Fertilization to Embryo • Germination • Embryo to Seedling • Seedling Development • Shoot • Leaves • Stems • Root

2. Embryogenesis • Fertilization • Zygote (2N) • Cytokinesis • Proembryo • Globular Stage • Heart Stage • Torpedo Stage • Mature Embryo

4. Mature Embryo • Dicot Embryo (Magnoliopsida) • 2 Cotyledons • Shoot Apical Meristem (SAM) • Plumules • Hypocotyl • Radicle (RAM)

5. Monocot Embryo (Liliopsida) 1 Cotyledon (Scutellum) Shoot Apical Meristem (SAM) Coleoptile (Sheath) Plumules (leaves) Mesocotyl Radicle (RAM) Coleorhiza (Sheath) Mature Embryo

6. Dicot Germination • Dehydration • Dormancy • Light • Temperature • Stratification • Scarification • Chemical • Mechanical

7. Monocot Germination

9. SHOOT TISSUES • Meristems (Stem Cells) • Primary • Shoot and Root Apical Meristem (SAM & RAM) • Protoderm • Procambium • Ground Meristem • Secondary • Axillary Meristems • Vascular Cambium • Cork Cambium Leaf primordium SAM procambium protoderm ground meristem Fig. 5-3, p. 73

10. SHOOT APEX • Meristems (Stem Cells) • Shoot Apical Meristem • Tunica • L1, L2 • Corpus L3 • Central Zone • Peripheral Zone • Pith Rib Meristem

11. Leaf Arrangment • Phyllotaxy • Opposite -90° • Alternate - 180° • Spiral – 137.5° • Whorled - 60°

12. Leaf Morphology • Simple • Unlobed Spatulate, Lanceolate, Serrated, etc • Lobed • Palmate - Maple • Pinnate - Oak • Compound • Palmate - Poison Ivy • Pinnate - Rose

13. Leaf Tissues • Leaves • Upper Epidermis • Cuticle • Leaf Hairs • Mesophyl • Palisade Parenchyma • Spongy Mesophyll • Vascular Bundle (vein) • Bundle Sheath • Xylem • Phloem • Lower Epidermis • Stomata • Cuticle

14. Leaf Hairs

15. Guard Cells

16. Stem Tissues • SAM • Epidermis (Tunica L1,L2) • Ground Meristem (Corpus L3) • Procambium • Peripheral Zone • Vascular Bundle • Phloem • Vascular Cambium • Xylem • Fibers • Cortex • Pith

17. Dicot & Monocot Leaves

18. Dicot Stem • Epidermis • Cortex • Vascular Bundle • Xylem • Vascular Cambium • Phloem • Fibers • Pith

19. Dicot Stem Tissues

20. Monocot Stem • Epidermis • Ground Tissue • Parallel Veination • Scattered Vascular Bundles • Xylem • Phloem • Fibers

21. Vascular Tissue • Xylem • Trachieds • Vessel Elements • Phloem • Sieve Cells • Sieve Tube Elements • Companion Cells • Fibers • Schlerenchyma • Collenchyma

22. Phloem Cells

23. Fiber Cells

24. Woody Stem Tissues • Epidermis • Bark • Cortex • Cork Cambium • Fused Vascular Bundles • Yearly Rings • Ray System • Pith

25. primary growth, some secondary growth secondary growth year 1 2 3 Ray system Axial system bark vascular cambium Fig. 5-12a, p. 78

26. Modified Stems • Stolons (runners) • Horizontal • above ground • Strawberry, Clover, Bermuda Grass • Rhizomes • Horizontal • below ground • Ferns, Orchid, Banana, Bamboo, Bluegrass • Corm • Swollen Stem Base • below ground • Gladiolus, Crocus • Tuber • Enlarged Underground Stem (Rhizome) Tip • White Potato • Bulb • Small Stem • Fleshy Leaves • Onion, Lily, Turnip

27. Zone of Cell Division Root Apical Meristem (RAM) Quiescent Center Root Cap Zone of Elongation Epidermis Cortex Procambium Root Tissues

28. Root Tissues • Zone of Maturation • Epidermis • Root Hairs • Cortex • Vascular Stele • Endodermis • Pericycle • Phloem • Xylem

29. Endodermis

30. Secondary Roots • Pericycle • Secondary Meristem

31. Root Types • a. Tap • Large Primary Root • Small Number of Secondary Roots • Beans • b. Storage • Very Large Primary Root • Very Small Secondary Roots • Biennials • Carrot • Perennials • Sweet Potato • c. Fibrous • Small Primary Root • Large number of Secondary Roots

32. Root Types

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