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Atmospheric work production process Energy conservation in an open system

Atmospheric work production process Energy conservation in an open system. A hurricane viewed as a Carnot cycle. Efficiency. n = 1 – Tc / Th = 1 – 200/300 = 33%. Source Divine Wind by Kerry Emanuel. Reversible and Irreversible Expansion. Gravity Power Cycle. Brayton gas-turbine power cycle.

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Atmospheric work production process Energy conservation in an open system

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  1. Atmospheric work production process Energy conservation in an open system

  2. A hurricane viewed as a Carnot cycle Efficiency n = 1 – Tc / Th = 1 – 200/300 = 33% Source Divine Wind by Kerry Emanuel

  3. Reversible and Irreversible Expansion

  4. Gravity Power Cycle

  5. Brayton gas-turbine power cycle

  6. Irreversible Gravity Cycle

  7. The AVE replaces the physical chimney with centrifugal force in a vortex. • The AVE eliminates the solar collector by using waste heat or natural low temperature heat sources.

  8. Conditions: Pb 100 kPa Tb ambient 30 °C Tt ambient 28 °C Tb chimney 47 °C z 200 m Velocity 8 m/s Flow 680 kg/s Conditions: Collector Efficiency 31 % Turbine Efficiency 80 % Insolation 1000 W/m2 Dia. Chimney 10 m Dia. Collector 244 m Resulting efficiency: Ideal 0.64 % (Carnot) Actual 0.35 % Overall 0.11 % Ideal Work75 kW Exit vel. k.e. 22 kW Friction losses4 kW Turbine Loses8 kW Total Insolation37,700 kW Work41 kW Heat input 11,680 kW Manzanares Solar Chimney – Base Case - Energy budget (Based on actual operating conditions)

  9. Petrolia 4 m prototype vortex

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