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Key Concepts

Dive into the vast world of marine biology to uncover the intricate relationships between marine organisms and their environment. Learn about the history, importance, and scientific methods used to study marine life.

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Key Concepts

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  1. Key Concepts • Marine and terrestrial environments are interrelated, interactive, and interdependent. • The ocean is an important source of food and other resources for humans. • Marine biology is the study of the sea’s diverse inhabitants and their relationships to each other and their environment.

  2. Key Concepts • The history of marine biology is one of changing perspectives that have shaped the modern science and its applications. • Marine laboratories play an important role in education, conservation, and biological research.

  3. Key Concepts • It is important to study marine biology in order to make informed decisions about how the oceans and their resources should be used and managed. • Scientists use an organized approach called the scientific method to investigate natural phenomena.

  4. Importance of the Oceans and Marine Organisms • World ocean covers nearly 71% of earth’s surface • Oceans interacting with the atmosphere affect weather patterns on a global scale

  5. Importance of the Oceans and Marine Organisms • Marine Organisms Provide: • Food • Research • Medicine • Jobs

  6. Study of the Sea and Its Inhabitants • Oceanography • study of the oceans and their phenomena, such as waves, currents and tides

  7. Study of the Sea and Its Inhabitants • Marine biology • study of the living organisms that inhabit the seas and their interactions with each other and their environment • Knowledge of these disciplines will promote marine conservation.

  8. Marine Biology: A History of Changing Perspectives • Early studies of marine organisms - ancient Greeks and Romans - Aristotle and the “ladder of life”

  9. Marine Biology: A History of Changing Perspectives • Renewed interest in marine organisms • Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species • discovery of deep sea organisms on retrieved transatlantic telegraph cable

  10. Marine Biology: A History of Changing Perspectives • Beginnings of modern marine science • Challenger expedition exploring world’s oceans • 4,700 new species collected and described

  11. Marine Biology: A History of Changing Perspectives • Beginnings of modern marine science • Challenger expedition exploring world’s oceans • significance of plankton

  12. Marine Biology: A History of Changing Perspectives • Beginnings of modern marine science • Marine Studies in the United States • expeditions of Alexander Agassiz

  13. Marine Biology: A History of Changing Perspectives • Beginnings of modern marine science • Marine Studies in the United States • Funding of the first marine biology laboratory

  14. Marine Biology: A History of Changing Perspectives • Marine biology in the twentieth century: • Fridtjof Nansen’s Arctic expedition • Sir Alistair Hardy’s Antarctic expedition • impact of human activities on marine environment gains attention

  15. Marine Biology: A History of Changing Perspectives • Marine biology today • deep-sea submersibles • discovering ties between terrestrial and marine environments • information sharing via the Internet

  16. Process of Science • Hypothesis • explanations that can be tested by experiments • Scientific method – an orderly pattern of gathering and analyzing information

  17. Make Observations and Ask Questions 1 Why do salt marsh plants in some areas grow larger? Plot 1 Low nutrient input Plot 2 High nutrient input Formulate a Hypothesis 2 Use inductive reasoning Growth of marsh grass is limited by nitrogen availability Short grass Tall grass Use deductive reasoning to make a prediction based on the hypothesis 3 Soil sample has low nitrogen Soil sample has high nitrogen IF nitrogen is added to the soil, THEN marsh grass will grow larger or faster or both Figure 1-11a p11

  18. Steps in the Scientific Method • Make observations • Form a hypothesis • Design experiments • experimental variable • experimental set • control set

  19. IF nitrogen is added to the soil, THEN marsh grass will grow larger or faster or both Design Experiments and Do Them 4 Control plot 1 Area 1 Control plot 2 Area 2 Experimental plot 1 Area 1 Experimental plot 2 Area 2 All plants are initially the same height Add fertilizer lacking nitrogen Add nitrogen-containing fertilizer Gather Results 5 Figure 1-11b p11

  20. Steps in the Scientific Method • Gathering results (Step 4) • Drawing conclusions (Step 5) • theory versus hypothesis

  21. Small increases in size, mass, and growth rate Large increases in size, mass, and growth rate Repeat Experiments and Test More Plots 6 Similar results Draw Conclusions 7 Availability of nitrogen is a major limiting factor on the growth of salt marsh plants *Hypothesis is confirmed Figure 1-11c p11

  22. Process of Science • Alternative methods of science • experimentation is not always possible • observational science • “The science of Marine Biology”

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