Poverty, Population Change and Sustainable Development in Africa

1. Poverty, Population Change and Sustainable Development in Africa A paper presented at the International Conference in Berlin, Germany 13 September 2010 George Mutalemwa

2. Contents • About Tanzania: area and population • The fight against poverty in Tanzania: historical perspective: state, private sector and the civil society • The role of Community Based Organisations: Historical perspective • Concluding remarks George Mutalemwa

3. George Mutalemwa

4. George Mutalemwa

5. Population in Tanzania, Germany • According to the UN 2008 Revision Tanzania's population will increase to 60 Mio. in 2025 and 109 Mio. in 2050. Germany's population will decline to 79 Mio (2025) and 70 Mio. (2050). George Mutalemwa

6. Population ctd • The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (children per woman) during the last 30 years but it is still high (from 6.73 in1975-80 to 5.58 in 2005-2010. According to the UN calculations the TFR will decline around 2050 to 2.62. George Mutalemwa

7. Population and education • Tanzania has a young population. The median age of the population is 17.5 years (2009). The median age in Germany is 43.9 years (2009). George Mutalemwa

8. Population and education • The high percentage of children (44.7 % in 2009) under 14 years of age confronts Tanzania with high costs of education. In Germany, the percentage is 13.5 %. George Mutalemwa

9. Population and health • One indicator of the health situation is child mortality (deaths under age 5 years per 1,000 life births). In Tanzania approx. 105 children per 1,000 life births under 5 die (2005-2010). The number in Germany is 5.1. George Mutalemwa

10. Population and health ctd • This situation will improve in Tanzania. The UN expects a decline of child mortality (under 5) to 65.2 between 2020 and 2025. • Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects. The 2008 Revision, New York 2009. George Mutalemwa

11. Olduvai Gorge: The Cradle of Mankind George Mutalemwa

12. Cooperation is essential for well-being in and around the Serengeti George Mutalemwa

13. Economic Resources • Tourism • Agricultural products: cash and food crops • Forests and flowers • Fish and cattle • Minerals: gold, diamond, tanzanite, ‘uranium’… George Mutalemwa

14. ‘The Geneva of Africa’ George Mutalemwa

15. Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world • Tanzania is on the list of 20 countries with the lowest Human Development Index (Human Development Report, 2009). • About half the population lives below the official poverty line. • 17 per cent of the population are food poor. George Mutalemwa

16. George Mutalemwa

17. The First President of Tanzania, Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere, 1922-1999, the Founder of African Socialism ‘familyhood’ or Ujamaa George Mutalemwa

18. Definition of Community Based Organisation • People’s organisations are voluntary organisations of men and women living in the same neighbourhood either in the villages or townships (Semboja and Therkilsden, 1995). These POs are also known as Community Based Organisations (CBOs), People Centred Organisations, or People Controlled Organisations (PCOs) (White, 2008). They may be registered or unregistered grassroots organisations (Eade, 2005 and Rugumamu, 1996). George Mutalemwa

19. Infant care and child rearing George Mutalemwa

20. Concluding remarks • Population growth is not a problem in itself, the problem is in the distribution of resources. • Development needs the co-operation of the state, private sector and civil society. • Empowering Community Based Organisations will help reduce poverty. George Mutalemwa