1 / 20

Reversal Designs

Reversal Designs. Overview. One of the most important designs you can use Can be used in a variety of settings Can be very powerful in detecting changes. Reversal (ABA) Designs. Repeated measures of behavior occur in a given setting Requires at least 3 consecutive phases:

rue
Download Presentation

Reversal Designs

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Reversal Designs

  2. Overview • One of the most important designs you can use • Can be used in a variety of settings • Can be very powerful in detecting changes

  3. Reversal (ABA) Designs • Repeated measures of behavior occur in a given setting • Requires at least 3 consecutive phases: • Initial baseline (A) • Intervention (B) • Return to baseline (A)

  4. ABA / Reversal Design Frequency A B A Time

  5. ABA Overview • A Baseline session • B Intervention • A Remove intervention and return to Baseline

  6. Characteristics • Initial A (Baseline) session • Behavior must be stable. • Implement intervention when the behavior is stable • Need to worry about reactance

  7. Intervention Phase • Implement ONLY after the baseline is stable • Intervention can be anything • Single variable • Multiple variables • Examine what the behavior does • Goes up • Goes down • Remains the same • If you are wanting the behavior to decrease (acting out) and the behavior increases may want to remove the intervention

  8. Points to Note: • Is a very powerful design • Can immediately observe behavior changes • Can immediately remove the intervention if necessary

  9. A-B-A-B Reversal Design • Is preferred over A-B-A as stronger demonstration • Very powerful non-experimental within-subject design • Can strongly demonstrate a functional relation between an environmental manipulation and a behavior

  10. ABA Design with Reversal Frequency A B A B Time

  11. Logic of Reversal Design • Involves replication • Independent variable is responsible for behavior change if repetition of baseline and treatment phases approximate the original phases

  12. Variations of the A-B-A-B Design • Repeated reversals • B-A-B reversal design • Multiple treatment reversal designs • NCR reversal technique • DRO reversal technique • DRI/DRA reversal technique

  13. Repeated Reversals • A-B-A-B-A-B • Replications present more convincing demonstration of functional relation • Usually do not need • Can become redundant

  14. B-A-B Reversal Design • Doesn’t enable assessment of effects prior to the intervention • May get sequence effects • May be appropriate with dangerous behaviors • Addresses ethics of withholding effective treatment • Need to be careful when using

  15. Multiple Treatment Reversal Designs • To compare effects of two or more experimental conditions with each other or baseline • Can make design decisions based on on-going assessment of data • Vulnerable to sequence effects • i.e., A-B-A-B-C-B-C, A-B-C-B-C-B-C • B essentially becomes the baseline • Often creates lots of problems

  16. NCR Reversal Technique • Non-contingent reversal • Deliver NCR on fixed or variable schedule independent of the behavior • Allows you to demonstrate the effects of contingent reinforcement • Useful when not possible to eliminate activity used as contingent reinforcement

  17. Points to Note: • Advantages: • Clear demonstration of functional relationship • Quantifies amount of behavior change • Shows need to program for maintenance • Disadvantages: • Irreversibility • Social, educational, and ethical concerns

  18. Other Issues • Is not appropriate when independent variable cannot be withdrawn • Sometimes level of behavior from earlier phase cannot be reproduced again under the same conditions • If suspected, consider DRO or DRI/DRA as controls or multiple baseline designs

  19. Withdrawing Effective Interventions • Can be problematic • Social concerns • Must get full support of everyone involved • Educational and clinical issues • Reversal phases can be very short • For ethical reasons, withdrawal of intervention may not be appropriate in harmful situations

  20. Final Points • Are very powerful designs • Can be combined with other designs • Big advantages: • Get almost immediate feedback about the effectiveness of your intervention • Person is their own control • Can be used almost anywhere and with any type of intervention.

More Related