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Chapter 15 Aldehydes, Ketones, and Chiral Molecules

Chapter 15 Aldehydes, Ketones, and Chiral Molecules. 15.1 Structure and Bonding 15.2 Naming Aldehydes and Ketones 15.3 Some Important Aldehydes and Ketones. Aldehydes and Ketones. The carbonyl group is found in aldehydes and ketones.

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Chapter 15 Aldehydes, Ketones, and Chiral Molecules

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  1. Chapter 15 Aldehydes, Ketones, and Chiral Molecules 15.1 Structure and Bonding 15.2 Naming Aldehydes and Ketones 15.3 Some Important Aldehydes and Ketones

  2. Aldehydes and Ketones • The carbonyl group is found in aldehydes and ketones. • In an aldehyde, an H atom is attached to a carbonyl group. • In a ketone, two carbon groups are attached to a carbonyl group.

  3. The Polar Carbonyl Group The carbonyl group (C=O): • Consists of a sigma and pi bond. • Has a partially negative O and a partially positive C. • Has polarity that influences the properties of aldehydes and ketones.

  4. Naming Aldehydes • In the IUPAC names for aldehydes, the -e in the corresponding alkane is replaced by –al. • Common names use a prefix with aldehyde:form (1C), acet (2C), propion (3), and butyr (4C)

  5. Aldehydes in Flavorings • Several naturally occurring aldehydes are used as flavorings for foods and fragrances.

  6. Naming Ketones • In the IUPAC name, the -e in the alkane name is replaced with –one. • In the common name, add the word ketone after naming the alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl group. OO || ||CH3—-C—CH3 CH3—C—CH2—CH3Propanone 2-Butanone(Dimethyl ketone; (Ethyl methyl ketone) Acetone)

  7. Ketones in Common Use Propanone, Dimethylketone, Acetone

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