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The Power of Media in Hong Kong Society The Mediettes

The Power of Media in Hong Kong Society The Mediettes. Carmen, Corrina and Sarah. Introduction. We explored the relationship between mass media and public opinion towards the Hong Kong government, the Central government and mainland Chinese before and after 1997. Research method .

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The Power of Media in Hong Kong Society The Mediettes

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  1. The Power of Media in Hong Kong SocietyThe Mediettes Carmen, Corrina and Sarah

  2. Introduction • We explored the relationship between mass media and public opinion towards the Hong Kong government, the Central government and mainland Chinese before and after 1997.

  3. Research method • Expert Interviews • Dr. Karen Joe Laidler • Dr. Michael DeGolyer • Mr. Joe Pian-Piano • Mr. Chu Chun Yin • Dr. Eric Ma • Dr. Staci Ford • Mr. Ancus Mak • Miss. Ching-Han Ng • Questionnaires • Archival research • Newspapers • Television programs • Publications

  4. The role of media • To construct one’s imagined reality: 1. Personal Experience 2. Friends and Family 3. Institutions : School, churches and different organization • Mass media plays an influential role on HK people’s perception, but there are other factors which are even more important • Audiences are active consumers • The impact of media varies for individuals

  5. Objectivity of the media • Different standpoint • Filtering process: selective portrayal of reality • Competitive market, exclusive news • Negative images of politicians • Weak government in Hong Kong • But the media is the only source of particular information, so HK people still depend a lot on media for information

  6. Self-censorship • Ng Ching Han, Peggy (Oriental Daily) • Self-censorship exists • Journalists are restricted • Mass media is the middle-man, a political tool • Freedom of speech is not absolute

  7. Pressure from 1997 • Ancus Mak (Cable TV news) • Self-censorship exists • Quality of journalists • Freedom of speech exists but is not absolute

  8. The Portrayal of Mainland Chinese and Illegal Immigrants in Hong Kong Media • Hong Kong’s “identity crisis” is reflected in its attitude towards mainland Chinese and illegal immigrants • 25% Hong Kong Chinese, 40% Hong Kong, 35% Other • Stereotypes of these two groups, especially the latter, are common in Hong Kong media • Apple Daily and Oriental Daily are sensationalist/tabloid newspapers which encourage a fear and loathing of “I.I.’s” from China • Stereotypes also abound in Hong Kong cinema and television programs, such as Tian Mi Mi, Made in Hong Kong, and RTHK programs • These stereotypes almost all invoke negative feelings/images • The “country bumpkin” or “a chak” • The mainland siren • The brainwashed communist • Obedient • Prostitutes • “Uncle China” • Loud, coarse, dirty, greedy • Cheap, poor taste, bad haircuts

  9. ` • There is a large amount of confusion concerning the public’s attitude toward mainland Chinese and illegal immigrants • Hong Kong wants tourism from China, but fears the growing number of immigrants from China • Crimes committed by immigrants from China and job competition add to the resentment (armed robberies, prostitution, kidnappings. triads) • Many factors affect the influence of anti-mainland sentiments, and the commonality of these sentiments has been changing since the 80’s • Touch-down policy eliminated the weak, created entrepreneurs • The older generation in Hong Kong are immigrants themselves • Increase in travel to China between 1997 and present • Economic competition from China • Immigrant crime • Media closely tied with the mainland is largely distrusted

  10. Focus Questions for the Questionnaires • How does the mass media portray relationship between Hong Kong and the Central government? • How objective is the media in Hong Kong? • How does media affect the perception of the mainland Chinese and the Central government?

  11. Questionnaire – Target Group • Age 20 – 25, 40 – 60 • Daily news readers • Hong Kong citizens, not recent immigrants • Newspapers (Oriental Daily, Apple Daily, MingPao, SCPM, SunPao, SingTao Daily) • Television news reporting (TVB news, ATV news, Cable news, RTHK)

  12. Questionnaire findings • The relationship between Hong Kong and the Central government is closer after 1997 • The objectivity of media declined after 1997 • The media has strong influence on the public views towards the government, the Central government, and mainland Chinese

  13. Questionnaire findings • People believe 75% -100% of what the newspaper and TV news report • Stereotypes of mainland Chinese and illegal immigrants are still very present in the media and in public opinion • Self-surveillance prevents absolute freedom of speech • Older generations seem to have a more tolerant attitude towards mainland immigrants

  14. Conclusions • There are other factors (e.g. personal experience, friends and family, institutional factors) affecting the public perception • Self-surveillance is a powerful force in the media, and pressure comes from both the individual and the Central government. • The media is moving from attacking mainland Chinese to attacking illegal immigrants from China • Increasing tolerance of mainlanders seems logical, but is easier said than done

  15. ~The end~ Thank you!

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