The Jazz Age

1. The Jazz Age

2. Pretest • A factory owner can produce more goods at a much quicker and cheaper rate by using an assembly line. What is this process called? • mass fabrication • mass construction • mass production

3. It was common for cowboys, jazz musicians, and artists of the Harlem Renaissance to be • Immigrants • African Americans • Native Americans • This is the state in which the Harlem Renaissance took place. • New York • New Jersey • Washington

4. What invention in the 1920’s helped to spread the ideas in Harlem to other parts of the U.S.? • radio • television • telephone • The assembly line helped to make cars • more expensive • less expensive • only for wealthy Americans

5. Let’s go for a ride! • In the Jazz Age, people were finally able to afford that new mode of transportation – the automobile. • When the “horseless carriages” were first introduced in the 1890s, only the rich could afford them. • Prices dropped in the early 1900s, as automakers such as Henry Ford, began using the assembly line for mass production. Automobiles were now accessible to more people.

6. Ford’s vision of the affordable automobile brought about improved transportation. This resulted in: • Greater mobility (people could move about easily, and they could arrive at their destinations much quicker.) • Creation of jobs • Growth of transportation-related industries (road construction, oil, steel, automobile) • Movement to suburban areas (people didn’t have to live so close to their work in the cities)

7. Southern life was difficult for African Americans, many of whom worked as sharecroppers or in other low-paying jobs and often faced racial violence. Many African Americans looked to the North to find freedom and economic opportunities, and during World War I the demand for equipment and supplies offered African Americans factory jobs in the North. African American newspapers spread the word of opportunities in northern cities, and African Americans streamed into cities such as Chicago and Detroit. This major relocation of African Americans is known as the Great Migration. The Great Migration

9. New York City was one of the northern cities many African Americans moved to during the Great Migration, and by the early 1920s, about 200,000 African Americans lived in the city. Most of these people lived in a neighborhood known as Harlem, which became the unofficial capital of African American culture and activism in the United States. Life in Harlem This movement was known as the Harlem Renaissance.

10. New Family Roles • The 1920s brought a shift in many people’s attitudes toward men and women’s relationships. • The basic rules defining female behavior were beginning to change. • American women continued to have primary responsibility for caring for the home, and most still depended on men for financial support. • More, however, sought greater equality. New Opportunities • The 19th Amendment allowed women to vote, and some were elected to state and local office. • In general, however, women voted about as much as the men in their lives. • Many women had taken jobs during World War I but lost them when men came home. • During the 1920s women joined the workforce in large numbers, though mostly in the lowest-paying professions. • Women attended college in greater numbers. New Roles for Women

11. Women’s Roles Have Changed • Women: • went to work in the workplace • can vote • attended college • wanted equality

12. The “Flapper” One of the most widely recognized symbols of the Jazz Age is the “flapper.” This term described women of the time who wore short skirts, short hair, and lots of makeup. They conducted themselves in ways that were quite shocking for women to do in the 1920s.

13. Though the 1920s was a time of great economic opportunities for many, farmers did not share in the prosperity. Farming took a hard hit after World War I, when demand for products went down and many workers moved to industrialized cities. The 1920 census showed that for the 1st time ever, more Americans lived in cities than in rural areas, and ¾ of all workers worked somewhere other than a farm. The rise of the automobile helped bring the cities and the country together, and rural people were now likely to spend time in town and were less isolated. They could live farther from their jobs. Education also increased, & by the 1920s many states passed laws requiring children to attend school, helping force children out of workplaces. Effects of Urbanization School attendance and enrollment increased as industry grew because more people could afford to send their children to school, not to work.

14. Effects of Urbanization • Law required children to go to school. • Cities increased – farming decreased • Automobiles allowed people to travel longer distances. (mobility)

15. Harlem in the 1920s was home to tens of thousands of African Americans, many from the South, who felt a strong sense of racial pride and identity in this new place. • This spirit attracted a historic influx of talented African American writers, thinkers, musicians, and artists, resulting in theHarlem Renaissance. • Poets • Poets like Langston Hughes wrote of black defiance and hope. • These poets recorded the distinctive culture of Harlem in the 1920s. A Renaissance in Harlem

16. Harlem was a vital center forjazz, a musical blend of several different forms from the Lower South with new innovations in sound. • Much of jazz was improvised, or composed on the spot. • Louis Armstrong was a leading performer on the Harlem jazz scene. Harlem Musicians

19. Charles Lindbergh was a daredevil pilot who practiced his skills as an airline pilot, a dangerous, life-threatening job at the time. • Lindbergh heard about a $25,000 prize for the first aviator to fly a nonstoptransatlantic flight, or a flight across the Atlantic Ocean, and wanted to win. • He rejected the idea that he needed a large plane with many engines, and developed a very light single-engine craft with room for only one pilot. • On May 21, 1927, Lindbergh succeeded by touching down in Paris, France after a thirty-three-and-a-half-hour flight from New York. • Lindbergh earned the name “Lucky Lindy” and became the most beloved American hero of the time. • A little over a year after Lindbergh’s flight, Amelia Earhartbecame the first woman to fly across the Atlantic, returning to the U.S. as a hero. • She went on to set numerous speed and distance records as a pilot. • In 1937 she was most of the way through a record-breaking flight around the world when she disappeared over the Pacific Ocean. Pilot Heroes of the Twenties Charles Lindbergh Amelia Earhart

22. Batter up! • Another colorful character during the 1920s was Babe Ruth. • This flamboyant and talented slugger brought new interest and excitement to the sport of baseball. • In his 15 seasons with the New York Yankees, the team won four World Series championships and Ruth set many hitting records. • Ruth’s achievements and colorful personality, along with the new medium of radio, made baseball the most popular sport of the 1920s.