Other Key Players in the Ending of the Cold War

1. Other Key Players in the Ending of the Cold War Mahpiya Vanderbilt

2. Mikhail Gorbachev • Born • Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev • 2 March 1931 • Privolnoye, Stravropol, Russia • Moscow University • Studied law • Second degree in agriculture • General Secretary of Communist Party • 1990 awarded Nobel Peace Prize

3. Gorbachev • Grew up under Stalin's regime • Experienced German occupation in World War II • Pursued a career in the Communist Party • Was critical of the inefficient Soviet system • In 1985, he was elected the new leader of the Soviet Union • He sought to reform communism • introduced the concepts "glasnost" (openness) and "perestroika" (change) • Sought détente with the USA in order to be able to transfer funding from defense to civil society • Declared that he would not support Communist regimes in other countries if their peoples were opposed to them • started a chain reaction which led to the fall of communism in Europe

4. Margaret Thatcher • Born • Margaret Hilda Roberts • 13 October 1925 • Grantham, Lincolnshire, England • Died • 8 April 2013 • London, England • Oxford University • Chemistry • Retrained as a Barrister (Lawyer) • President of the Conservative Association • Married Denis Thatcher • British Prime Minister • Nicknamed “The Iron Lady”

5. Political Career • MP for Finchely, North London (1959-92) • Joint Parliamentary Secretary of Pensions and National Insurance (1961-64) • Secretary of Education and Science (1970-74) • Demonized by her Labour Party opponents as “Thatcher the milk snatcher” after eliminating a free milk program for schoolchildren • Leader of the Conservative Party (1975-90) • After the Conservatives were defeated in 1974, Thatcher challenged Heath for the leadership of the party and won • Prime Minister (1979-1990) • In the 1979 general election, the Conservatives came to power and Thatcher became prime minister • Served 3 terms as PM • Thatcher resigned in November 1990 in the face of increasing opposition concerning her economic policies. • Member of the House of Lords (1992- 2013) • She was made a baroness in 1992 and served in the house of lords until her death

6. Pope John Paul II • Born • Karol Józef Wojtyla • 18 May 1920 • Wadowice, Poland • Death • 2 April 2005 • Vatican City, Italy • Career • Ordained in 1946 • Became bishop of Ombi in 1958 • Archbishop of Krakow in 1964 • Cardinal in 1967 • Became first non-Italian Pope in over 400 years on 16 October 1978 • First Polish Pope • 26 years • Canonized 27 April 2014 • Saint

7. Lech Walesa • Born • 29 Sept1943 • Popowo, Poland • Electrician • Labor Activist • Formed Solidarity Trade Union • Received Nobel Peace Prize in 1983 • President of Poland (1990-95)

8. Deng Xiaoping • Born • 22 August 1904 • Guang’an, Sichuan province, China • Died • 19 February1997 • Beijing, China • Chinese Communist Leader • Successor to Chairman Mao Zedong

9. Career • His policies led to China's huge economic rise • Incorporated elements of the free-enterprise system to economy • Abandoned many communist doctrines • “To get rich is glorious." • "No matter if it is a white cat or a black cat; as long as it can catch mice, it is a good cat." • "Socialism is not the same as shared poverty."

10. Primary Source • If our people feel that they are part of a great nation and they are prepared to will the means to keep it great, a great nation we shall be, and shall remain. So, what can stop us from achieving this? What then stands in our way? The prospect of another winter of discontent? I suppose it might. • But I prefer to believe that certain lessons have been learnt from experience, that we are coming, slowly, painfully, to an autumn of understanding. And I hope that it will be followed by a winter of common sense. If it is not, we shall not be—diverted from our course. • To those waiting with bated breath for that favourite media catchphrase, the “U” turn, I have only one thing to say. “You turn if you want to. The lady's not for turning.” I say that not only to you but to our friends overseas and also to those who are not our friends.

11. Origin • PM Margaret Thatcher’s speech to the Conservative Party Conference on 10 October 1980 • Purpose • Thatcher was addressing people’s discontent with her economic policy • Value • was a pun on the play “The Lady’s not for Burning” • Thatcher defends her actions and policies in this speech with sound logic • Acknowledged the unemployment issue • Limitation • Thatcher did not write this speech herself • There is no opinion from any of the other parties • No solid evidence given • Doesn’t talk about the policies that didn’t work

12. Bibliography • "Deng Xiaoping." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 20 Apr. 2014. <http://www.biography.com/people/deng-xiaoping-9271644>. • "Lech Walesa." Cold War International History Project's Cold War Files. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Apr. 2014. <http://legacy.wilsoncenter.org/coldwarfiles/index-37322.html>. • "Margaret Thatcher." BBC News. BBC, n.d. Web. 20 Apr. 2014. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/people/margaret_thatcher>. • "Margaret Thatcher." Cold War International History Project's Cold War Files. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Apr. 2014. <http://legacy.wilsoncenter.org/coldwarfiles/index-3928.html>. • "Mikhail Gorbachev (President of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 20 Apr. 2014. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/238982/Mikhail-Gorbachev>. • "Mikhail Gorbachev." NobelPrize.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Apr. 2014. <http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1990/gorbachev-bio.html>. • "Pope John Paul II." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 20 Apr. 2014. <http://www.biography.com/people/john-paul-ii-9355652#awesm=~oCpJQBTnoaxz4r>.