Exploring Personality Theories: Freud, Humanism, Traits & Social-Cognitive Perspectives

1. Myers Ch. 10 Personality

2. 1) Psychoanalytic Perspective 2) Humanistic Perspective 3) Trait Perspective 4) Social-Cognitive Perspective Four Theories

3. Reverse 1, 2, 7, 9, 13, and 15 Add all 15 items Range 15-75—higher scores reflecting a greater agreement with Freud Handout 10-3—Psychoanalytic Theory

4. Psychoanalytic Theory: --personality is derived from childhood sexuality and unconscious motivations In other words… if you are a woman you have always wanted a penis… if you are a man you have always been afraid of losing yours…you’ve probably always had a mad crush on your mom too. Say hello to our boy, Freud

5. Exploring the unconscious • Structure of Personality • ID—the out of control pleasure seeker • EGO—the compromiser • SUPEREGO—uptight rule follower

6. Freudian Activity Time! • Find your fellow components of my psychoanalytic personality

7. The Psychosexual stages

8. Phallic stage—males • Oedipus Complex—boys figure out they have a penis, they’re pretty pumped about it, they develop unconscious sexual desires for their moms, and become afraid of their dads finding out and castrating them.

9. Phallic stage--females • Penis envy—you get mad at your mom because she didn’t give you a penis. • Electra Complex—girls get jealous of their moms and compete for possession of their father.

10. Phallic stage • Good news…superego develops and identification happens • Bad news…if you don’t make it out of this stage in one piece youare going to forever to search for a mother-like figure for a significant other.

11. Fixations • —when the psychosexual stages don’t really turn out that well for you… • Oral fixation—smoking, excessive eating, chewing on pens • Anal fixation—need for control, hatred of waste, ”you’re being anal” = pop culture + Freud. • Phallic fixation—homosexuality, authority issues, rejection of gender norms

12. Assessing the Unconscious • Psychoanalysis • Free association • Projective Tests • Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) • Rorschach inkblot test

13. Rorschach vs. TAT

14. Defense mechanisms • 1) Repression • 2) Regression • 3) Reaction Formation • 4) Projection • 5) Rationalization • 6) Displacement • 7) Sublimation • 8) Denial

15. Neo Freudians • Karen Horney—gender bias • Alfred Adler—inferiority complex • Carl Jung—collective unconscious

16. 2) Humanistic Personality Theory • Focus on the self • Focus on the positive • Abraham Maslow—self-actualization • Carl Rogers—unconditional positive regard • Very pervasive in pop-psychology (i.e., ‘the self-esteem’ movement)

17. 3) Trait theory • Trait—pattern of behavior • Gordon Allport • Hans Eysenck • MBTI—Myers-Briggs Type Indicator • MMPI

18. The Big five--online assessment • Costa & McCrae • Best trait personality test to date • Conscientiousness • Agreeableness • Neuroticism • Openness • Extraversion • (OCEAN)

19. Extroversion vs. Introversion • How do you define these personality types? • Which one are you?

20. 4) social-cognitive perspective • Albert Bandura—reciprocal determinism • Our personality is shaped by cognition, environment, and behavior

21. Self-monitor assessment in packet • Do we display different personalities in different situations? • What do the following say about your personality? • Music preference • Bedroom/personal space • Facebook profile • Email/text communication Person vs. situation?

22. Internal vs. external locus of control • Julian Rotter • Martin Seligman— • learned helplessness

23. Write a letter to your future self applying insight gained from the personality assessments you have taken over the last week. What did you learn about yourself? What aspects of your personality do you hope are stable? What aspects do you hope to change and how? Your letter should address a humanistic perspective, trait theory, and social-cognitive. Dear Future Self...