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Chapter 15

Chapter 15. Alcohol, Other Drugs, and Driving. Effects of Alcohol on Driving Safely-15.1. Alcohol is the most commonly used drug in our society today. It is by far the most frequently found drug in fatally injured drivers. All states now enforce a minimum drinking age of 21.

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Chapter 15

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  1. Chapter 15 Alcohol, Other Drugs, and Driving

  2. Effects of Alcohol on Driving Safely-15.1 • Alcohol is the most commonly used drug in our society today. It is by far the most frequently found drug in fatally injured drivers. • All states now enforce a minimum drinking age of 21. • Alcohol Facts-Alcohol is classified as a drug because of its effects on the body’s central nervous system. Pg-314

  3. 15.1 Continued • How alcohol affects behavior-Alcohol does not even affect the same person in the same way in all situations. Pg-315 • Mental Abilities and Alcohol-Alcohol is not digested. It is absorbed directly and quickly into the bloodstream. • Once alcohol enters the bloodstream, it quickly flows to the brain. Alcohol has the greatest effect on the parts of the brain that control judgment and reasoning. Pg-315

  4. 15.1 Continued • Judgment and Reasoning-Euphoria is the false sense of well-being. Pg-315 • The driver will actually feel as though thinking and judgment abilities are sharper and quicker. Pg-315 • Inhibitions-The inner forces of personality that restrain or hold back one’s impulsive behavior. Pg-316 • Physical Abilities and Alcohol-The brain takes longer to process the information and react to the danger. Pg-316

  5. 15.1Continued • Reaction Time and Coordination-Alcohol slows reflexes and reaction time. Muscular coordination becomes slow and clumsy. Pg-316 • Seeing and Speaking Abilities-One of the most dangerous effects of alcohol is impaired vision. Pg-316 • Alcohol also affects the reflex action of the eyes. After only a few drinks, this reflex action is impaired. Pg-316-317 • After excessive drinking, a person might see multiple images. Pg-317

  6. 15.1 Continued • Alcohol also impairs depth perception. Pg-317 • Peripheral vision also is impaired by alcohol. Pg-317 • Alcohol can also affect a person’s speech. Pg-317 • Other Physical Problems-As a person continues to drink, the center of the brain that controls breathing and heartbeat can become impaired. Death can occur if a large amount of alcohol is consumes over short period of time. Pg-317

  7. 15.1 Continued • Chart on page 318. Amount of alcohol in standard drinks. • Alcohol in the body-Blood Alcohol Concentration(BAC). Each drink adds about 0.02 to 0.03 percent to the person’s BAC. Pg-318 • Factors Affecting BAC-Amount of alcohol consumes, amount of time over which a given amount of alcohol is consumed, and person’s body weight. Pg-318 • When alcohol is mixed with carbonated beverages, the rate of absorption is even faster. Pg-319

  8. 15.1 Continued • Controlling impairment-The body rids itself of alcohol at a rate of about three-fourths of a standard drink an hour. A person who has one drink needs about an one and a half hours to rid the body of the alcohol in that drink. Pg-319 • Myths and Truths about Alcohol-I can sober up by drinking black coffee, taking a cold shower, or doing exercises. One little drink won’t hurt me. I will not be affected because I am only drinking beer. I can drive better after a few drinks. A young person cannot become a problem drinker. Pg-320 • Reducing Driving Risks-Alway8s refuse to ride with drivers who have been drinking. Appoint a designated driver. Pg-320

  9. Other Drugs and Driving-15.2 • Types of Drugs-Some drugs depress, or slow down, the central nervous system. Others stimulate it, or speed it up. Pg-321 • Over-the Counter Medicine –OTCs medicines have side effects that include drowsiness, dizziness, slowed reaction time, and poor judgment. Pg-321 • Depressant-Drug that can slow down, or depress, the central nervous system. Alcohol, barbiturates, sleeping pills, and tranquilizers are examples. Pg-321

  10. 15.2 Continued • Stimulants-Drug that can speed up, or stimulate, the central nervous system. Amphetamines are a type of stimulant. The feeling of alertness wears off soon and the person becomes very tired very quickly. Pg-322 • Hallucinogens-Are unpredictable mind-altering drugs that can alter personality and cause panic or terror as the distort a person’s sense of direction, distance, and time. Marijuana is a hallucinogen, it can impair judgment, memory, depth perception, and coordination. Pg-322

  11. 15.2 Continued • Combining Drugs-When other drugs are combined with alcohol, the effects of both drugs can be multiplied, rather than just added together. This is known as a synergistic effect. Pg-322

  12. Traffic Laws Governing the Use of Alcohol 15.3 • Implied-Consent Law-Anyone who receives a driver’s license automatically consents to be tested for BAC and other drugs if stopped for suspicion of drug use while driving. Pg-323 • DWI and DUI-For Illinois these are pretty much the same now. The legal BAC limit is 0.08 Pg-323 • Zero-Tolerance Law-Makes it illegal for persons under the age of 21 to drive with any measurable amount of alcohol in the blood. Pg-324

  13. 15.3 Continued • Chemical Testing-Analysis of blood, urine, or breath can accurately determine BAC. The breath test machine is called an intoxilyzer. Pg-324 • Field Sobriety Test-Includes a series of on-the-spot, roadside test that help an officer detect impairment. Pg-324 • Nystagmus-The involuntary jerking of the eyes as the person gazes to the side. Pg-325 • Stopped by a police officer-Signal and pull over to the right in a safe place. Keep your hands visible. Stay in the vehicle and follow the officer’s instruction. Pg-325

  14. Coping with Peer Pressure-15.4 • Peer Pressure-Influence of other of a similar age, Pg-326 • Positive and Negative Peer Pressure. Pg-326-327 • Negative-Some people worry a great deal what others think of them, negative peer pressure might result in them doing things that are against their beliefs and values. Pg-327 • Peer Education-Process in which young people make decisions and determine goals. Pg-327

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