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Momentum

Mass in Motion. Momentum. Chapter 8.1. 8.1 Momentum. think! Can you think of a case where a roller skate and a truck would have the same momentum?. 8.1 Momentum. think! Can you think of a case where a roller skate and a truck would have the same momentum?

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Momentum

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  1. Mass in Motion Momentum Chapter 8.1

  2. 8.1Momentum think! Can you think of a case where a roller skate and a truck would have the same momentum?

  3. 8.1Momentum think! Can you think of a case where a roller skate and a truck would have the same momentum? Answer:The roller skate and truck can have the same momentum if the speed of the roller skate is much greater than the speed of the truck. For example, a 1000-kg truck backing out of a driveway at 0.1 m/s has the same momentum as a 1-kg skate going 100 m/s. Both have momentum = 100 kg•m/s.

  4. 8.1Momentum A truck rolling down a hill has more momentum than a roller skate with the same speed. But if the truck is at rest and the roller skate moves, then the skate has more momentum.

  5. 8.1Momentum A truck rolling down a hill has more momentum than a roller skate with the same speed. But if the truck is at rest and the roller skate moves, then the skate has more momentum. • A small-massed object with a large speed can have the same momentum as a large-massed object with a small speed.

  6. Momentum Defined 1. What is momentum? • The product of mass (m) times velocity (v) • Momentum is mass in motion 2. What is the equation for momentum? • p = mv • p is the symbol used for momentum • Unit for momentum is kg x m/s • Negative or positive sign indicates direction

  7. Momentum 3. How does increasing velocity affect momentum? As the speed increases, so does the momentum (direct relationship) • Double the speed, double the momentum • How can two objects of vastly different masses have the same momentum? • A small-massed object with a large speed can have the same momentum as a large-massed object with a small speed.

  8. 8.1Momentum What two factors affect an object’s momentum?

  9. 8.1Momentum Momentum is affected by the massof the object and its velocity (or speed). Momentum is mass in motion! Same speed, twice the mass, twice the momentum!

  10. How to solve momentum problems • At the end of a race, a sprinter with a mass of 80 kg has a speed of 10 m/s. What is the sprinter’s momentum? • List knowns and unknowns p = ? m = 80 kg v = 10 m/s • State the equation: p = m x v • Plug in knowns: p = 80 kg x 10 m/s • Solve the problem p = 800 kg x m/s

  11. Calculate which has the greater momentum. • A 0.05 kg marshmallow traveling at 1500 m/s or a 10 kg bowling ball traveling at 4 m/s? • p = 0.05 kg x 1500 m/s p= 75 kg x m/s • p = 10 kg x 4 m/s p = 40 kg x m/s • It’s the marshmallow!

  12. Problem Type I p = mv A 98 kg cart is traveling at 3.8 m/s. What is its momentum? A cart traveling 31 m/s has a momentum of 1111 kg x m/s. What is its mass?

  13. Problem Type II I = Ft What is the impulse that changes the momentum of a cart if a force of 120 N is applied for 3.8 s? If the impulse acting on a cart is 333 N x s and the time of momentum transfer is 4.4 s, what is the force acting on the cart?

  14. Problem Type III Ft = Δ mv A 98 kg cart is rolling at 2.3 m/s and stops in 1.5 s. What is the force acting during this time?

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