1 / 18

Computers 101

Computers 101. Presented by Meredith Ellis Technical Consultants: Russ Barron Joe Martin Luke Tippman Derek Yap. Current Hardware in the Computer Industry. The Goal of this Class:

rupert
Download Presentation

Computers 101

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Computers 101 Presented byMeredith Ellis Technical Consultants: Russ Barron Joe Martin Luke Tippman Derek Yap

  2. Current Hardware in the Computer Industry The Goal of this Class: • To educate participants in intermediate-level hardware knowledge, including the most recent developments in the computer industry.

  3. What to Expect This class will take a general approach to the subject, covering first basics and external technology, then moving on to the complex inner workings of computers.

  4. Hot Cases and Cool Thinking The biggest challenge to making faster processors and zippier systems is keeping the case cool enough for the processor to operate safely. A few methods exist for this task. • Traditionally, a heat sink is attached to the top of the processor and a fan blows hot air off the processor, which mixes with the air flow across the motherboard to vent. • As any hardcore hardware nerd will tell you, though, a heat sink only goes so far. Liquid cooling is the new wave of cooling technology, lowering temperatures to a cool 35 degrees celsius.

  5. Modern Computer Ports and Connecters Universal Serial Bus • There are two types of USB technologies, traditional USB, or USB 1.1 and the newer technology of USB 2.0. USB is generally used for bursting chunks of data, but performs poorly for continuous data transfer. • USB 1.1 can transfer data at a theoretical speed of 12 megabits per second. However, all USB devices draw on this speed, so the more devices using USB the less speed each device is allocated, although the minimum speed any device is allocated is 1.5 mbps. • USB 2.0 reaches theoretical speeds of 480 mbps, yet is still subject to the sharing limitations of its predecessor.

  6. High Speed Computer Ports and Connecters IEEE 1394 “FireWire” port: • This port is used to transfer large amounts of data quickly. Usually camcorders and other video equipment use this port to get data onto the computer up to 400 megabits per second. Unlike USB, FireWire is good for large, continuous transfer. • IEEE 1394 connectors can be used to connect up to 63 external devices to a single machine. • Recently, a new type of FireWire burst onto the scene, termed FireWire 800. Just like its name implies, FireWire 800 transfers data at twice the speed of its predecessor.

  7. Telephony Computer Ports and Connecters Modem Port • A modem port looks like a standard RJ14 North American telephone jack. • This connects an internal modem to a telephone line. Modern modems have a theoretical limitation of 56 kbps, but are realistically slower Ethernet Port • Ethernet usually uses a standard RJ-45 connector, slightly resembling an enlarged phone jack. There are some variations on the type of cable and connector, however, for some applications. • The most common forms of Ethernet can transmit between 10 and 100 mbps, with the fastest technology of today running at 1,000 mbps.

  8. System Buses • Then: • IDE, followed by E-IDE, featured a 40-pin parallel connector with a theoretical transfer speed of 100 or 133 mbps. This is the same connector used in most types of consumer PCs today. • Now: • Serial ATA, a much smaller, compact connector featuring only 7 pins, running in serial transfer modes at up to 150 mbps, with future applications approaching 300 or even 600 mbps. • Serial ATA also features the ability to hot-plug devices, which allows a device to be universally plug and play compatible.

  9. Industrial Bus Applications RAID (Not the bug spray) • RAID, which stands for Redundant Array of Independent Disks, serves to align several hard disks or devices together on an array to maximize disk space and speed. In addition, with several disks operating in parallel, large amounts of data can be stored and retrieved over several disks much faster. Since data is stored over many disks, if one section of data is lost for any reason, the other disks in the chain can be used to rebuild the missing data. Thus, this system allows for better data integrity and storage.

  10. Where does it all go? • DVI, or Digital Video Input, is used commonly in flat panel displays and high definition monitors and televisions. DVI separates color and pixel information serially among many more connectors than does VGA, so is able to produce a much higher video resolution. • VGA, or Video Graphics Adapter, is used by most of the monitors today, and separates color and data information among 15 closely-packed films.

  11. Double your access! • Several types of RAM are common, however most modern computers use a type called DDR RAM, or Double Data Rate, for its fast data transfer rate and quick access speeds. • DDR operates most commonly at bus speeds of 266mhz to 433mhz with data throughput of 2.1gbps to 3.7gbps

  12. Who really does VISC’s work… • Most processors today are made by either Intel or American Micro Devices (AMD for short). • They are the workhorses of a computer system, running billions of calculations per second.

  13. AMD’s XP processors • The flagship of the AMD line, the XP processor differs from the Intel processor in several ways: • During a single clock cycle, AMD’s processors have less instructions that an Intel machine, thereby making them more efficient. • AMD’s chips are generally less expensive than Intel’s and are not sold by a megahertz rating, as are Intel chips.

  14. Intel’s Pentium • Intel’s flagship line of processors has had the same name since its inception: the Pentium chip. • The Pentium currently clocks in at 3.06 GHz, the fastest clock speed on the market. However, as shown on the previous slide, the clock cycle on a Pentium chip has many more steps than its competitors, so it is not as efficient as other chips on the market.

  15. You’ve seen the rest… • Now the best. Apple Computer uses the fastest chip on the market. Manufactured by Motorola, the PowerPC MPC7000 series chips clock in at a mere 1.3GHz, yet outscore every IBM-compatible chip on the market. This is due to several reasons: • The PowerPC chips uses a 128-bit floating point architecture, called AltiVec. Intels and AMDs use 64-bit architechture. • RISC architecture has the ability to accomplish the same tasks with less instructions. Versus the CISC architecture, RISC easily shines through.

  16. Chips and Dip • Chipsets are the offensive line of the motherboard. They carry do all the low-level calculations and transfer the instructions from the CPU to back and forth to the components. There are several types of chipsets.

  17. Salted and Unsalted • The two most popular chipsets used in AMD PCs at the moment are the nVidia nForce2, and the VIA Apollo KT400a. • Intel chips on the other hand, use the common supporting cast of Intel 850 chipset. • Motorola’s G4 chips use a proprietary supporting chipset.

More Related