Imperialism in Southeast Asia

Imperialism in Southeast Asia Asian History & Civilization Sacred Heart School-Ateneo de Cebu

“Grief Over the Fall of a City” Broken spear lie in the roads We have torn our hair in our grief The houses are roofless now, and their walls are red with blood Worms are swarming in the streets and plaza And the walls are splattered with gore The water has turned red, as if it were dyed. And when we drink it It has the taste of brine We have pounded our hands in despair against the adobe walls For our inheritance, our city is lost and dead The shields of our warriors wore its defense, But they could not save it. We have chewed dry twigs and salt grasses We have eaten lizards, rats, and worms Gold, jade, rich clothes, quetzal feathers Everything that once was precious Was now considered worthless.

Being a part of Southeast Asia, we experienced the same grief during the Spanish, American, and Japanese invasion of our country. How would you assess our relationship with these countries at present? Spain United States of America Japan

Which of the following values should we promote in dealing with our neighboring countries? Peace and justice Openness to cultural literacy Tolerance in religion and culture Internationalism Mutual respect for culture and tradition

King Badawpaya • Burma reached its greatest power • Clashed with the British; the latter acquired southern Burma; in 1885, the British organized and made Burma a province of the Indian Empire after bringing Upper Burma under control

British Acquisition of Burma Historical Background of Burma • BuyinNaung (previous Burmese leader)- his death caused Burma to be in the state of strife • 18th century- a leader named Alaungphraya or Alompra rose into power • He was assisted by the British East India Company; able to unite the whole of Burma into a single kingdom • Alompra

British Acquisition of Malaya • The British set their foothold in the Malay Peninsula at the Island of Penang, which was leased to them by the Sultan of Kedah in 1786.

Extent of the British Colonial Empire • Kingdom of Burma- was naturally of interest to the British imperial power in India • By 1885, all of Burma came under British control and was administered as part of British India.

Island of Singapore • British moved to this island in the late 1700s. • They created the city of Singapore which became an important naval base of the British Empire and one of the world’s busiest sea ports.

Great Britain also gained control of two other island regions. • Northern part of the island of Borneo- became a British protectorate in the 1880s. • The other was the Southeastern portion of New Guinea

The French in Indochina Historical Background of Indochina • Independent rival states; Annamese prince named Emperor Gialong succeeded in uniting the rival states with the help of French volunteers; his death brought anarchy in the country

Anti-foreign campaign subjecting French missionaries to persecution and French government advisers to execution; • Napoleon III send an invasion force into the territory which resulted in the signing of a peace treaty

French gained control of the whole Annamese kingdom • French established a protectorate over Cambodia • Henri Riviere took Hanoi with the help of his mercenaries known as the “Black Flags”

French Rule in Indochina Policy of Assimilation What is assimilation? • Development of economic resources on a much greater scale • Establishment of rubber plantations for more export • Construction of industries • Construction of roads, railways, canals, and dike • The French Assimilation concept was based on the idea of expanding French culture to the colonies outside of France in the 19th and 20th century. • Natives of these colonies were considered French citizens as long as the culture and customs were adopted. This also meant they would have the rights and duties of French citizens.

Early 20th century • French Indochina is comprised of the colonies of Cambodia, Laos, (Tonkin, Annam, and Cochin China) or Vietnam

The French in Siam Constantine Faulkon • Planned the conversion of Siam into a French colony • PhraNarai, the Siamese monarch, established relations with the French monarch Louis XIV who later on sent warships and soldiers to Siam • Led to revolt; long period of disorder followed; failed to invade Siam

Imperialism in Southeast Asia