What do you hate?

1. What do you hate?

2. Who do you hate?

3. What does hate look like? Are there different levels or degrees of hate? Let’s go to the library now and fill in our own “Pyramid of Hate”

4. THE HOLOCAUST

5. What is Genocide? The UN says: “Genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such: killing members of the group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; forcibly transferring children of the group to another group

6. It starts by marginalizing, isolating, scapegoating. There is a need to identify the “Other”.It also requires the compliance and/or cooperation of the majority of the population

7. Sign used during the anti-Jewish boycott: "Help liberate Germany from Jewish capital. Don't buy in Jewish stores." Germany, 1933

8. Antisemitic Boycott Translation: “Don’t buy from Jews; Support German businesses!”

9. 1935 Nuremberg Race Laws Example…

10. Jews forced to register and receiving their “papers”

11. The Yellow Star

12. January 30th, 1939 “Today I will once more be a prophet: If the international Jewish financiers in and outside Europe should succeed in plunging the nations once more into a world war, then the result will not be the Bolshevization of the earth, and thus the victory of Jewry, but the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe”

13. Kristallnacht • 1,668 synagogues were ransacked, and 267 set on fire • 2,000-2,500 deaths were directly or indirectly attributable to the Kristallnacht pogrom

14. November 9, 1939

15. The Allies share responsibility- 1939 St. Louis – 907 Jews of all ages

16. The different symbols used to label camp prisonners

17. Construction of the wall surrounding Krakow

18. Jews await deportation to the Krakow ghetto

19. Later… evacuation of the Krakow Ghetto

20. Jewish citizens were forced in to cattle cars on the trains

22. Prisoners at a work camp

24. "The Jewish people ought to be exterminated root and branch. Then the plague of pests would have disappeared in Poland at one stroke." - A Nazi newspaper, 1939

25. The gates to Auschwitz“Work will set you free”

26. Enormous collections of shoes and clothing symbolize the dehumanization of Jews

27. Sacks of human hair

28. Prisoner Bunkers

29. “Final Solution”

30. Mass graves

31. Death Marches

33. Dachau crematorium

34. Activity: Let’s meet some people who lived during the Holocaust

35. 6 000 000 Jews dead, 11 000 000 total

36. Survivors Clip- Band of Brothers (8 minutes)

37. Hwk: How A Canadian General explained what he’d seen to Canadians.Primary Document analysis

38. …become Displaced Persons • Post War there were 6-7 million displaced persons in war ravaged Europe • However terrible the fate of the non-Jewish Displaced Persons may have been, it does not compare to the tragedy of the Jews. Millions of non-Jewish slave labourers and POWs at least had the option of returning to their homes and families, whereas the Jewish DPs were completely cut off from their roots and had nowhere to go. One survivor described the experience: 'The Jews suddenly faced themselves. Where now? Where to? For them things were not so simple. To go back to Poland? To Hungary? To streets empty of Jews, towns empty of Jews, a world without Jews. To wander in those lands, lonely, homeless, always with the tragedy before one´s eyes …’ 'Homecoming in Israel', in The Root and the Bough: The Epic of an Enduring People, ed. Leo W. Schwarz (New York, 1949), p. 310

40. HISTORY- Taken from http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3581.htm The creation of the State of Israel in 1948 was preceded by more than 50 years of efforts [by Zionist groups] to establish a sovereign state as a homeland for Jews. [… in 1917 the] Balfour Declaration asserted the British Government's support for the creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.In the years following World War I, Palestine became a British Mandate and Jewish immigration steadily increased, as did violence between Palestine's Jewish and Arab communities. [… This immigration] led to the 1947 UN partition plan, which would have divided Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states, with Jerusalem under UN administration.On May 14, 1948, soon after the British quit Palestine, the State of Israel was proclaimed and was immediately invaded by armies from neighboring Arab states, which rejected the UN partition plan. This conflict, Israel's War of Independence, was concluded by armistice agreements between Israel, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria in 1949 and resulted in a 50% increase in Israeli territory.

43. But there was also hope and help, • What is a hero? • Walk around the classroom and read the descriptions of humanity, courage and resistance. • Briefly make note of the 3 that are most striking to you.

44. Genocides since the Holocaust • Burundi 1972 • Cambodia 1975-79 • East Timor 1975 – 99 • Iraq 1988 • Bosnia 1992-95 • Rwanda 1994 • Sudan/Darfur 1983 to present

45. The Moral Lessons of War • Handout