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Revolution in Russia 1917-1939 Chapter 27

Revolution in Russia 1917-1939 Chapter 27. Two Revolutions in Russia 28-1. The March Revolution. Backwards Social classes Poverty Long Term Unrest Nicholas II Moderates pushed for social change proletariat. Impact of World War One Strain on resources

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Revolution in Russia 1917-1939 Chapter 27

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  1. Revolution in Russia1917-1939Chapter 27

  2. Two Revolutions in Russia 28-1

  3. The March Revolution • Backwards • Social classes • Poverty • Long Term Unrest • Nicholas II • Moderates pushed for social change • proletariat

  4. Impact of World War One • Strain on resources • Nicholas II took charge of military • Result: • Rasputin • Gregory Rasputin • Killed in 1916 • Collapse of the Monarchy • Strike • Czar abdicated • Troops deserted • Liberal constitution • soviets

  5. Lenin and the Bolsheviks • 17 year old brother shot • Early Career • Influenced by Karl Marx • Student demonstrations • Exiled • A New View of Marx • Bolsheviks • Rejected gradual reform • Lenin Returns From Exile • Germany

  6. The November Revolution • The Bolshevik Takeover • Red Guards v. White Guards • The Bolsheviks in Charge • Moscow • End private ownership • Redistribution of land • Communists

  7. Russian Civil War • Treaty of Brest-Litovsk • Opposing Forces • United States sent troops • Cheka • Execute former czar and family • Why?

  8. War Communism • Draft • Took over: banks, mines, factories and railroads • Redistribution of land • Quotas • A Costly Triumph • By 1921, the Communists won Russia • Famine and disease

  9. From Lenin to Stalin 28-2

  10. Building the Communist Soviet Union • Government • Constitution in 1922/Supreme Soviet • Suffrage • Political power and resources • Union of Soviet Socialist Republics • Reality • NKVD

  11. Lenin’s NEP • Some capitalistic ventures • Stopped squeezing peasants • Temporary • “pure communism” • Stalin Gains Power • Joined Bolshevik party • Secretary • “too rude” • Focused on socialism at home first, as opposed to worldwide revolution

  12. Five Year Plans • Joseph Stalin rose to power and eliminated Leon Trotsky and all contenders. • Goal: • Five Year Plans • October 1928 • Centralized state control over the economy • rapid

  13. Collectivization of Agriculture • At the hands of peasants • Collectives • Organize peasants • Violent suppression of the kulaks • Starvation 1933 and 1934 • Second Five Year Plan 1933-1937 • Consumer goods • Heavy industries and armaments

  14. The Great Purge • 1934 Stalin launched the “Great Purge” • Targets: • “show trials” in Moscow • Estimated 4 to 30 million • Military officers • Pogroms

  15. Soviet Foreign Policy • Was generally unsuccessful • Cointern or Communist International • Goal: • Joined League of Nations • “Red Scare” in U.S. 1920s • Mistrust from capitalist countries

  16. Life in a Totalitarian State 28-3

  17. Life in a Totalitarian State • Totalitarian state- • Terror • Open letters • Bugs • Press • Propaganda • Misery of capitalism • Encouraged quotas • Glorified heroes • 14 year old boy

  18. War on Religion • Atheism • Target Orthodox Church • Priests • Churches and synagogues converted • Hebrew banned • Tolerance for Islam • Why? • Lenin, Marx, and Stalin shrines

  19. Changes in Soviet Society • Not equal; few elite emerged as a new ruling class. • The New Elite • Communist party, also included: • Best apartments, exclusive shops • Social Benefits and Drawbacks • Benefits: • Drawbacks:

  20. Education • Mandatory • Taught: atheism, glory of collective farming, and love of Stalin • Women • Equals • Education • Wide range of jobs • Their wages were needed in family. Why?

  21. The Arts and the State • Socialist Realism • Censorship • Writers, artists, and composers faced government persecution

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