12A

1. 12A Investigate and explain how internal structures of organisms have adaptations that allow specific functions such as gills in fish, hollow bones in birds, or xylem in plants.

2. Notes: Animal and Plant Adaptations!

3. What is an internal adaptation? The structure inside the body that helps an organism survive in their environment Animals have certain internal adaptations that help them to survive. • Birds • What is it about a bird that makes it able to fly? Fish What is it about a fish that makes it able to breathe under water?

4. What structures allow birds to fly? Birds have hollow bones: They allow the bird to be lightweight for flight and use less energy Internal features: • hollow bones • Thin bones • Low Density bones Lightweight hollow bones Bird Adaptations Video

5. Compare bird & mammal BONES Bird Bone Mammal Bone * Bird bones are lightweight and hollow. * Mammal bones are filled with bone marrow and are much heavier.

6. Bird Anatomy Their entire body inside and out has been designed for flight. 2. Flight muscles: the biggest muscles These are very strong to raise the entire body into the air. Flight Muscles are located under the Bird’s Sternum and Keel.

7. Compare Human Sternum Bird Sternum & Keel Birds large sternum: Protrudes (sticks out) for balance in flight and landing

8. Fish Internal Structures Gills Gills remove oxygen from water so fish can breathe under water Internal structures allow fish to survive in their environment!

9. How do gills work? First, a fish swallows water through its mouth. Then, the water flows over the gills. The gills extract oxygen from the water which passes back out of the fish beneath the operculum that covers the gills. The oxygen is absorbed through the capillaries into the blood stream of the fish. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1TC-OaxQzRU

11. Internal plant structures Xylem-System of tubes in a plant that transport water and minerals. The takes water from roots xylem distributes the water throughout the plant. Xylem and Phloem Video Xylem