Resettlement Policy Framework

1. Resettlement Policy Framework Case study examples

2. Example 1: Croatia Coastal Cities Pollution Control Project Land Acquisition/Resettlement Framework (Final draft 2002)

3. Project Description • Municipal wastewater conveyance and sewage treatment facilities • Specific sites for investment to be determined during implementation, based on requests from Municipalities • Some land acquisition expected for collector network, pumping stations, treatment facilities, outfall points • Possible (unlikely) that private residences/structures affected; causing temporary or permanent relocation

4. Elements of Framework • Site-specific LAP required for each investment • LAP to include: • steps taken prior to acquisition (e.g. notification & consultation with landowners) • Steps to be taken during preparation & implementation to ensure compliance with Croatian Law, OP/BP 4.12 • Outlines Croatian expropriation law(describes a public and transparent process for identification, negotiation of financial offer, appeal through County Court) • Indicates 2 additional steps to be taken for the project • Annex detailing applicable Croation laws, procedures on expropriation

5. Additional Steps for Project • Once tentative alignment identified, sub-borrower to invite all potentially affected landowners by mail to a public consultation (content/results recorded in minutes, available in project file) • Sub-borrower prepare LAP, submit to WB for review/approval it as condition of release of sub-project loan funds (contents of LAP described)...LAP to be updated as new information obtained

6. Example 2: expansion of Greater Addo Elephant National Park, South Africa Resettlement Policy Framework with Associated Income Restoration Plans

7. Greater Addo Elephant National Park

8. Existing Park = 125,000 ha (of which 51,000 ha added since 1997 by land purchase or contract) Proposed expansion = 29,000 additional ha National legislation and PA management plan call for no permanent residence or economic use (except tourism) Lands to be incorporated are 13 privately owned agricultural properties Expansion to be added through purchase or contractual arrangements (willing buyer-willing seller) OP 4.12 triggered because concerns over permanent and seasonal agricultural laborers (loss of employment, accommodation) Neither RSA Government nor SANParks have official resettlement policy, or coverage of laborers in expropriation policy – agreed to follow OP 4.12

9. Resettlement Study TORs • Prepare Resettlement Policy Framework, in accordance with OP 4.12* • (Prepare specific Income Restoration Plans for affected people • Develop database of affected farmers and farm laborers covering proposed land acquisition and all land acquisition since 1997 (names, ages, genders, education/work experience, current wages and other benefits) • Assess impacts on indirectly (economically) affected people • Propose benefits for host communities (seeking win-win) *including all elements described previously– legal framework, consultation process, etc.)

10. Eligibility Criteria (rationale provided in Resettlement Study) • Qualifying for resettlement assistance: • Farm workers and their families on farms yet to be acquired • Those workers and their families who have already been displaced (specific eligibility criteria defined). • Host communities who may receive these farm workers e.g. the residents of Paterson Township. • Farmers and their families • Not qualifying for assistance: • Seasonal workers • People living in the GAENP and environs that rely on the current socio-economic configuration around agriculture for their livelihood

11. Methodology for Valuation and Compensation of Assets Detailed methodology provided for: • Homesteads (built by farmer vs. built by laborer) • Cultivated crops (trees/perennial; annual) • Graves (to be fenced and protected within Park)

12. Alternative Income-generating Opportunities • Expected to fall mainly within conservation and eco-tourism (ca. 40 jobs per 15,000 developed ha; 1 employee per 350 ha) • Challenge is to ensure opportunities for employment and enterprises to go to project affected persons – skilled and unskilled jobs • Estimated opportunities created in GAENP overall: • 90 permanent jobs in conservation • 260 permanent jobs in eco-tourism • 24 permanent technical & administrative jobs • 71 contract construction jobs • 843 temporary poverty relief jobs • PAPs in Phase 1 expansion: 169 workers (1 per 304 ha) • Net shortfall in employment for phase 1 land acquisitions = 32 unskilled workers

13. Income Restoration Strategies • Provide alternative housing for displaced persons • Direct Employment: ca. 50 jobs with SANParks/GAENP (25% unskilled) –income/benefits to match previous level • Training into semi-skilled positions (connected to ongoing Government poverty relief program) • Interim support while awaiting employment opportunities: replacement housing, cash to replace lost wages until re-employed (ending if worker rejects 2 suitable offers), interim pension for those over 55 until they qualify for government pension

14. Organizational Responsibilities for Implementation • Primary responsibility for implementation and financing is with implementing agency (SANParks) – directly or through contracted agents (dedicated Resettlement Officer to be appointed) • Dept. of Agriculture & Land Affairs provides guidance on valuation and compensation • Resettlement Working Group provides consultative forum, grievance mechanism, oversight, monitoring • Independent monitoring team – membership approved by WB • World Bank general oversight Annexes on Consultation/Participation, Grievance Mechanisms, Monitoring

15. Estimated Costs • Additional detailed studies: $20,000 • Compensation (structures, crops): $750,000 • Income restoration • Training: $8,500 • Providing alternative land: $1,935,000 • Interim support: $678,000

16. RESULTS • Project approved February 2004 • RPF Implementation is in process – to date 12 ex-farm laborers permanently employed by GAENP, 34 temporarily employed • Resettlement Working Group meets quarterly • SANParks revised own policy regarding land acquisition