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Temperature Differences: Northern Europe vs. Northern Canada

Explaining the reason behind the average temperature difference between Northern Europe (12ºF) and Northern Canada (-16ºF) in February. The Gulf Stream and thermal expansion are key factors in this variation. Water has a high heat capacity, allowing the warm water carried by the Gulf Stream to release energy and create warm winds in Europe. Thermal expansion is also discussed, with examples like bimetallic strips and water's unique property of expanding as it cools.

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Temperature Differences: Northern Europe vs. Northern Canada

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  1. Review Explain why Northern Europe has an avg temp of 12 ºF in February, but Northern Canada has a temp of -16 ºF.

  2. Review • Water has a high heat capacity. So even though Canada and Europe receive the same amount of sun, the warm water of the Gulf Stream holds much of its internal energy long enough to reach the coast of Europe. It releases its energy and the warm wind is carried over the land.

  3. Thermal Expansion

  4. Thermal expansion-refers to the spreading out of particles in a substance as the temperature increases Atoms are in constant motion = 1) Vibration increases with an increase in temperature 2) Space increases with an increase in temperature

  5. There are 2 types of expansion • Linear • Volume

  6. Thermal Expansion Almost all materials take up more space when heated (expansion) and less space when cooled (contraction)

  7. Bimetallic Strips-lower metal expands more than upper strip Two strips of iron and brass are welded together become more or less curved b/c the metals have different values for their coefficient of linear expansion They are often used as thermostats….when the room is too hot, coil bends toward iron and opens circuit

  8. Other applications • Heat resistant glass • Gas in a gas tank • Dental fillings • Wires on telephone poles

  9. Thermal Expansion…the exception

  10. Water expands as it cools-theice remains on the surface since ice is less dense than water (0.917 g/mL). - Without this peculiar but wonderful property of water, life on this planet may not have been possible because the body of water would have frozen from bottom up destroying all animal and plant life.

  11. Review • Why is it important to protect water pipes in the winter, so they don’t freeze? • On a hot day, you remove a chilled watermelon and chilled sandwiches from a cooler, which stays cooler longer? Why? • If you take a bite of hot pizza, the sauce may burn your mouth, but the crust at the same temp will not…why?

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