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Define industry – manufacturing goods in a factory II. Distribution North America (East)

Chapter 11 - Industry. Define industry – manufacturing goods in a factory II. Distribution North America (East) B. Europe (NW, East) East Asia. III. Diffusion of Industrialization A. England – 1750s - why 1st? 1. Resources Location Politics. B. US – 1800s New England South

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Define industry – manufacturing goods in a factory II. Distribution North America (East)

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  1. Chapter 11 - Industry • Define industry – manufacturing goods in a factory • II. Distribution • North America (East) • B. Europe (NW, East) • East Asia

  2. III. Diffusion of Industrialization • A. England – 1750s - why 1st? • 1. Resources • Location • Politics

  3. B. US – 1800s • New England • South • West • C. Japan – • 1860s, 1950s

  4. IV. Industrial location • Site v situation • Goal – maximize profits by reducing production costs • 1. Site - absolute location • 2. Situation - relative location

  5. B. Situation 1. Bulk-reducing 2. Bulk-gaining Bulk-reducing Bulk-gaining

  6. ThyssenKrupp

  7. 3. Perishable products • Time-space convergence • trucks – shorter distance • trains – longer distance • ships – very long • air – small, high value goods • Break of bulk- Port of Mobile

  8. C. Site • Land • Labor • Capital Labor Cost per HourMDCs and LDCs

  9. U.S. Production Workers1950 & 2005 Fig. 11-17: States in the Northeast and Southern Great Lakes traditionally associated with manufacturing accounted for two-thirds of manufacturing in 1950 but only two-fifths of manufacturing in 2005.

  10. D. Agglomeration Chevrolet Assembly Plants1955 & 2007 Fig. 11-12a: In 1955, GM assembled identical Chevrolets at ten final assembly plants located near major population centers.

  11. V. Global trends A. MNCs 1. Sector changes - "post-industrial" 2. Indust location - technopoles, "footloose" industries 3. Overproduction 4. Increased competition US- 2007

  12. B. LDCs and manufacturing 1. Markets 2. Inferior infrastructure 3. Lack educated labor force 4. Lack capital - multiplier leakage 5. Positive aspects

  13. V. Environmental issues A. Energy cosumption Fig. 14-1: U.S. energy consumption grew rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s, but the rate of growth has slowed since then. Energy from petroleum and natural gas have grown more rapidly than coal, especially since the 1960s.

  14. 1. MDCsvLDCs Fig. 14-6a: Energy consumption per person in MDCs is far larger than in LDCs. The U.S. and Canada have the highest levels of per capita energy consumption.

  15. 2. Problems – Nonrenewable Pollution National security

  16. 3. Alternative energy sources Hydroelectricity Production Nuclear Production Fig. 14-16: Percent of electricity from hydroelectric power. Many countries in South America and Africa depend heavily on hydroelectric power.

  17. Nuclear Power in the U.S., 2005 Fig. 14-10: Location of current nuclear power plants in the U.S. and nuclear power as a percent of total electricity in U.S. states.

  18. Deforestation 1. Reasons for clearing 2. Impact of clearing Gold mine, Peru Palm oil plantation, , Borneo Loess plateau, China

  19. B. Pollution • 1. Acid rain • Air pollution • cancer atlas Fig. 14-14: Due to prevailing winds, the highest sulfate deposit levels in North America lie east of the emission sources. Deposit levels in eastern Germany are higher than in the U.S.

  20. Mexico City Smog Damaged Forests Czech Republic

  21. C. Water 1. Consumption

  22. Scientific American, May 2012

  23. 2. Water Pollution Fire on Cuyahoga River - 1952

  24. D. Global warming PBS debate 1. Define greenhouse effect. Sources of greenhouse gases

  25. 2. Evidence? Temperature increases Trends – warm 1900-1940 , cool 1940-75 Climate Change Temp increase Snow cover CO2 levels Sea level change Ice cores

  26. NCAR Community Climate System Model (CCSM3) for four different past time periods: a warm period approximately 250 Mya, the Permian-Triassic,abrupt warming approximately 55 Mya – the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, a glacial period approximately 21 kya - the Last Glacial Maximum, and a cold period approximately 500 years ago - the Little Ice Age.

  27. “Hockey stick scandal”

  28. Urbanization Chapter 13

  29. B. Evolution of pattern 1. Walking-horsecar (pre-1888) 2. Electric streetcar (1888-1920) 3. Recreational auto (1923-1945) 4. Freeway era (post 1945) Royal St. Mobile, 1910

  30. C. Sector model D. Multiple nuclei model

  31. Comparison of global cities • A. US • B. Europe • C. LDCs

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