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Biogeochemical Cycles

Biogeochemical Cycles. Leyda. Biogeochemical Cycles. Over 95% of the body is made of these elements: S P O N C H : Sulfur, Phosphorus, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen An ecosystem needs two things: A flow of Energy (goes one way through trophic levels and is lost along the way)

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Biogeochemical Cycles

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  1. Biogeochemical Cycles Leyda

  2. Biogeochemical Cycles • Over 95% of the body is made of these elements: S P O N C H : Sulfur, Phosphorus, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen • An ecosystem needs two things: • A flow of Energy (goes one way through trophic levels and is lost along the way) • Cycle of materials

  3. Water Cycle • Water = H2O • Cycles Hydrogen and Oxygen through the biosphere • Water makes up to 70% of the mass of our bodies • Water is an important solvent for cell processes

  4. Water Cycle

  5. Water Cycle 1. Precipitation: water falls to the Earth as rain, snow or ice

  6. Water Cycle 2. Runoff: Water moves along the Earth’s surface into rivers, lakes, or streams

  7. Water Cycle 3. Seepage: Water soaks through the soil and collects in pools underground.

  8. Can be gradual or sudden

  9. Sinkhole – Guatemala May 2010 • After hurricane – 60 meters deep • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BoOHmdL2I9Y

  10. Water Cycle 4. Evaporation: Water changes from a liquid to a gas (usually occurs at the surface of lakes and oceans)

  11. Water Cycle 5. Transpiration: Water evaporates from the leaves of plants (the most evaporative)

  12. Water Cycle 6. Condensation: Water changes from gas to liquid (occurs when warm, moist air rises and cools in the upper atmosphere)

  13. Carbon Cycle

  14. Carbon Cycle • Carbon is the main ingredient in all living things • Carbon makes up the 4 macromolecules of life: • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic Acids

  15. Carbon Cycle 1. Photosynthesis: Plants take in CO2 from the atmosphere and use it to make food.

  16. Carbon Cycle 2. Feeding: Animals obtain carbon by eating plants.

  17. Carbon Cycle 3. Respiration: Animals breathe out CO2 when they burn food to get energy.

  18. Carbon Cycle 4. Deposition: When organisms decay, carbon is trapped in sediments underground that eventually form rocks or fossil fuels.

  19. Carbon Cycle 5. Human Activity: Burning fossil fuels in factories and cars releases CO2 into the atmosphere.

  20. Carbon Cycle 6. Decomposition: Energy-rich, carbon-based compounds formed from the decaying bodies of buried organisms.

  21. Carbon Cycle – In the Ocean 7. Photosynthesis: Phytoplankton are Producers in the Ocean 8. Feeding: Phytoplankton (Producers) are eaten by consumers. 9. Respiration: CO2 is released when organisms burn food.

  22. Carbon Cycle 10. Erosion: Rocks break down, releasing carbon into the soil or ocean where it can be used by organisms.

  23. Carbon Cycle 11. Volcanic Activity: CO2 released into the atmosphere

  24. Nitrogen Cycle

  25. Nitrogen Cycle • Nitrogen is important for making proteins and DNA • Nitrogen makes up ¾ of our atmosphere • N2 (Nitrogen gas) cannot be used by living things until it is changed into Nitrates, Nitrites, or Ammonia

  26. Nitrogen Cycle 1. Fertilizers: Humans add usable nitrogen directly to soil.

  27. Nitrogen Cycle 2. Nitrogen Fixation: Bacteria in the roots of plants change nitrogen gas (N2) into ammonia (NH3) so that plants can use it.

  28. Nitrogen Cycle 3. Lightning: Changes nitrogen gas into nitrate and nitrite.

  29. Nitrogen Cycle 4. Uptake: Producers take up usable nitrogen from the soil and ocean.

  30. Nitrogen Cycle 5. Consumers: Obtain nitrogen by eating plants.

  31. Nitrogen Cycle 6. Excretion: Urine returns nitrogen to the soil. Decomposition: When organisms decay, nitrogen is returned to the soil.

  32. Nitrogen Cycle 7. Denitrification: Some bacteria change usable nitrogen back into nitrogen gas (N2) which goes back into the atmosphere.

  33. Nitrogen Cycle 1. What are two ways nitrogen cycle allows nitrogen to be taken out of the atmosphere and made usable for plants and animals? Nitrogen fixing bacteria, lightning, man made fertilizer 2. What are the three ways that ammonia (NH3) are formed? Nitrogen fixing bacteria, decomposition, excretion, deposition

  34. Phosphorus Cycle 1. What is phosphorus used for in living things? ATP (Energy), DNA (Phosphate Group) 2. What form is phosphorus frequently found in? Rocks, sediments, soil minerals 3. What part of the biosphere is phosphorus not found in, that carbon, water and nitrogen are found in? Atmosphere

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