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COMMAS

COMMAS. How To Use Them Correctly. Commas With Compound Sentences. A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses that are joined by a coordinating conjunction such as: and but for nor or so yet

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COMMAS

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  1. COMMAS How To Use Them Correctly

  2. Commas With Compound Sentences • A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses that are joined by a coordinating conjunction such as: and but for nor or so yet ** Use a comma before the conjunction to separate two independent clauses in a compound sentence. Ex. The Thar Desert has little rain or vegetation, and the herders must collect the leaves from the tops of trees for their flocks.

  3. Commas In a Series • Use commas to separate three or more words, phrases, clauses in a series. Ex. The desert animals included camels, toads, gerbils, and insects. The treasure map directed them over the dunes, into the oasis, and past the palm trees. The house was rather quiet before she arrived, before her luggage was piled up in the hall, and before her three poodles took over.

  4. Commas in a Series (cont.) • Every table in the diner was set with a knife and fork, a cup and saucer, and salt and pepper. Your turn, where do the commas go?? 1.The location of deserts is determined by ocean currents the location of mountains and prevailing wind patterns. 2. The breakfast choices are cereal and milk bacon and eggs or muffins and jam. 3.An oasis is a place where ground water pools plant growth flourishes and animals begin to feed.

  5. Using Commas Between Adjectives • Use commas to separate adjectives of equal rank. ***If the word andcan be placed between the adjectives without changing the meaning of the sentence, the adjectives are of equal rank. If the order of the adjectives can be changed, then they are of equal rank. Ex. You sent a sweet, kind note. You sent a sweet and kind note. You sent a kind, sweet note. You sent a kind and sweet note.

  6. Commas After Introductory Material ** Use a comma after most introductory words, phrases, or clauses. Introductory Words – No, we don’t need any. Introductory Phrases - Storing water in their roots, succulent desert plants survive dry periods. Introductory Adverb Clauses - When the wind blows constantly, rocks are eroded into unusual shapes.

  7. Commas With Parenthetical Expressions ** A parenthetical expression is a word or phrase that is not essential to the meaning of the sentence. Use commas to set off parenthetical expressions. Names of People Being Addressed – Listen carefully, Bob and Lucinda, while I explain. Certain Adverbs – The other sand dune, therefore, is several meters higher. Common Expressions – The sand, I think, is scarce on Peruvian deserts. Contrasting Expressions – Those dunes, not those, resemble crescents.

  8. Commas With Nonessential Expressions • Use commas to set off nonessential expressions. Appositives and Appositive Phrase Essential: The 1943 movie Sahara takes place in North Africa. Nonessential: Sahara, a 1943 movie, takes place in North Africa. Participial Phrases Essential: The man waiting in the van is our guide. Nonessential: Pat, waiting in the van, asked us to hurry. Adjective Clause Essential: We need someone who can lead us to the oasis. Nonessential: We cheered enthusiastically for Darius,who could lead us to the oasis.

  9. Commas With Dates and Geographical Names • When a date is made up of two or more parts, use a comma after each item except in the case of a month followed by a year. Example: Saturday, July 20, is their anniversary. • When dates contain only months and years, commas are not necessary. Example: It wasn’t until July 1999 that records were kept for that part of the Sahara. • When a geographical name is made up of two or more parts, use a comma after each item. • Example: Amos moved from Tripoli, Libya, to Fex, Morrocco.

  10. Other Uses of Commas • Use a comma after each item in an address made up of two or more parts. Example: Write to Maxwell Hunnicutt, 54 Monmouth Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75243 Example: Maxwell Hunnicut 54 Monmouth Avenue Dallas, Texas 75243 • Use a comma after the salutation in a personal letter and after the closing in all letters. Salutations: Dear Bill, Dear Aunt Harriet Closings: Sincerely, Best Wishes • With Numbers of more than three digits, inert a comma before every third digit. Example: 1,750 feet • Do not add commas with ZIP codes, telephone numbers, page numbers ,and serial numbers. Example: serial number 059 94 6106

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