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RSA3408A Trigger, Capture, Analyze!

Tektronix Introduces Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer _ The New Test Solution for RF & Broadband IC Design. RSA3408A Trigger, Capture, Analyze!. Technology Trends in RF. RF prevalent across a broad range of industries Aerospace, medical, automotive, RFID, consumer electronics, etc.

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RSA3408A Trigger, Capture, Analyze!

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  1. Tektronix Introduces Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer _ The New Test Solution for RF & Broadband IC Design RSA3408A Trigger, Capture, Analyze! Confidential

  2. Technology Trends in RF • RF prevalent across a broad range of industries • Aerospace, medical, automotive, RFID, consumer electronics, etc. • Crowded RF spectrum • High potential for interference • Tight emissions regulations • Continuous stream of new wireless standards: WLAN, Zigbee, RFID, Bluetooth • Complex modulation techniques • Increased surveillance and intelligence gathering Confidential

  3. Evolution of Signal Analysis Techniques SA VSA RTSA 1960s 1990s TODAY MarketDrivers • Military • Communication systems • Emerging solid state technology • Encryption • Military signal intelligence • Cell phones • Complex digital modulation • Congested RF spectrum • Pervasiveness of low cost RF in consumer electronics • Growth of DSP-based, modulation-agile communication systems Measurement Challenges • High frequency measurements • Analog modulation • Digital Demodulation • Emergence of Standards • Time-varying, bursted, and transient RF signals • Complexity of wireless communication standards Solutions • RF power vs. frequency • Low noise floor • High dynamic range • Digital modulation analysis • Flexible time-correlated multi-domain analysis • Seamless capture of RF signals changing over time • Frequency domain trigger Confidential

  4. Sweep Ramp Traditional Swept Architecture RF Down Converter Input ResolutionBandpass Filter Display Time Confidential

  5. Real-time Architecture Confidential

  6. TIME Swept vs. Real-time Seamless Capture Swept Analyzers Real-Time Analyzers FREQUENCY FREQUENCY Confidential

  7. Real-Time Spectrum Analysis:A New Approach for Measuring Time-varying RF Signals Confidential

  8. =Frequency Mask Area Trigger Occurs Frequency Mask Trigger • Define a frequency mask which can be used to trigger on specific events in the frequency domain • Reliably detect and capture elusive RF signals that a level trigger cannot see in a crowded spectral environment Confidential

  9. Seamless Capture and Spectrogram • The spectrogram shows how an RF signal changes over time in the frequency domain • Frequency is the horizontal axis, time is the vertical axis, and power is represented by the color of the trace Confidential

  10. Time-correlated Multi-domain Analysis • Analyze RF signals simultaneously in frequency, time, and modulation • Use the flexible analysis windows to select and zoom in on the desired portion of the captured signal Confidential

  11. RSA3408A Joins the Tektronix RTSA Family Confidential

  12. Application Example: WLAN Confidential

  13. Application Example: WLAN Long seamless capture length Wide real-time span to analyze WLAN Sub-carrier and Pilot power Confidential

  14. Application Example: WLAN OFDM 54M Constellation Time vs. Power view of WLAN pulsed signal OFDM Linearity Curve Confidential

  15. Application Example: WLAN CCK burst constellation EVM Summary data EVM vs. Time View CCK signal Confidential

  16. Application Example: WLAN RSA3408A 802.11a/b/g Measurements Confidential

  17. Application Example: RF and Communications Systems Before Interference During Interference Microwave oven Interfering Bluetooth signal WLAN signal Bluetooth WLAN error vector measurement degraded WLAN constellation out of synch WLAN constellation synchronized Confidential

  18. Application Example: RF and Communications Systems Time vs. Power view Frequency vs. Power view Time-correlated multi-domain display Error vector measurements Constellation view Confidential

  19. RFID Measurement Suite Confidential

  20. RFID Measurement SuiteSystem Overview • RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) • Uses low-power, short or long range wireless communications technology • Reader/writer  Responder Inquiry + Power Data: several bits to several kilobytes Reader/Writer Responder (Tag) Response Approx. 1 mm to approx. 10 m • Passive (without battery) • Semi Passive (assist by battery) • Active (with battery) Interrogator (Reader/Writer) Transponder (Tag) Confidential

  21. RFID Measurement SuiteIndustry Applications • Supply Chain Management • Fraud & Anti-Forgery Devices • Currency Smart Chips • Medical • Hospital Records and Inventory • Pharmaceuticals • Transportation • Toll Booths • Mass Transit Confidential

  22. Supported Standards ISO18000-Part 4 Mode 1 ISO18000-Part 6 Type A ISO18000-Part 6 Type B ISO18000-Part 6 Type C Manual Modulation type ASK, DSB-ASK, OOK, PR-ASK, SSB-ASK Decoding format Manchester, Miller, Miller(M_2) Miller(M_4), Miller(M_8), Modified Miller FM0, PIE (Type A), PIE (Type C), NRZ Measurement Overview Frequency Carrier Frequency Occupied Bandwidth Transmitter EIRP Transmitter Spurious Emissions Adjacent Channel Power Ratio Timing Carrier Power On/Down Carrier On/Off: Rise & Fall Time Settling Time Overshoot/Undershoot Modulation RF Envelope Modulation: Depth & Index Duty Cycle Transmitter Modulation Pulse Shape Pulse Width: On/Off Ripple: On/Off Time: Rise/Fall Slope Transmit Modulation Accuracy RFID Measurement Suite Confidential

  23. Testing RFID Devices & Systems Example of Critical RFID Design Issues Confidential

  24. Testing RFID Devices & Systems RF Carrier Measurements • Power vs Time View • Time domain view requires high dynamic range for simultaneous views of large signal stimulus (Interrogator) in the presence of a small signal response (Tag) • Power vs Frequency View • Provides frequency domain view of RF characteristics: power, carrier frequency, OBW & spectral splatter Confidential

  25. Testing RFID Devices & Systems Carrier Power On & Carrier Power Down • Display Shows: • Rise & Fall Time • Settling Time • Overshoot • Undershoot • Correlated markers in both main & sub Views • Interpolation used for time resolution Confidential

  26. Testing RFID Devices & Systems RF Envelope • RF Envelope: • Automated “1-button” measurements: • Pulse Width: On/Off • Duty Cycle • Ripple: On/Off • Slope • Burst Number: • indicates which burst instrument is showing for analysis • Envelope Number: • indicates which symbols instrument is showing within the burst Confidential

  27. Testing RFID Devices & Systems Modulation Analysis-Turn Around Time & Decoding • Transmit-to-Receive Time • Start of Tag Response • End of Interrogator Query • Preamble bits • indicated • in yellow Confidential

  28. IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee) Measurements Confidential

  29. IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee)Comparison Wireless Protocols Complexity/Power Consumption WLAN IEEE 802.11.a WLAN IEEE 802.11g WLAN IEEE 802.11b Bluetooth/ IEEE 802.15.1 UWB IEEE 802.15.3 IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee) Data Rate Confidential

  30. IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee)Frequency Allocations – Physical Layer Pre-configuration Button • Global • 2.45 GHz Band • 16 Channels • Data Rate: 250 Kb/s • Modulation Type: Offset Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (O-QPSK) • CSMA-CA for Anti-collision • Europe • 868 MHz Band • 1 channel • Data Rate: 20 Kb/s • Modulation: Binary Phase-Shift Keying (BPSK) • CSMA-CA for Anti-collision • Americas • 915 MHz Band • 10 Channels • Data Rate: 40 Kb/s • Modulation: Binary Phase-Shift Keying (BPSK) • CSMA-CA for Anti-collision Confidential

  31. IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee)What’s the Difference? • IEEE 802.15.4 Physical Layer • IEEE Standard Defines the Following: • Multiple Access Control Layer (MAC) • Physical Layer (Layer 1) • ZigBee Alliance • Defines the Following: • Network Layer (Layer 3) • Application Support (Layer 4) Confidential

  32. IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee)Example of Critical Design Issues Confidential

  33. IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee)Measurements • IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee) 2.45 GHz Band • Defined Measurement Preset for Global Standard • U.S. & Europe Standard Require Manual Configuration • Preset Configures the Following Parameters: • Symbol Rate • Modulation Type • Filter Type • Half-Sine Filter Part of IEEE 802.15.4 • Demodulation Results • EVM Results • Auto-Carrier Function • Tracks RF Carrier within limits • Accurate Demodulation & Calculation of Carrier Frequency Error • Analysis Views • Symbol Table • No message decode • I/Q vs Time • Eye Diagram Confidential

  34. IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee)Measurements • Reference Filter • ½ sine filter required for accurate demodulation & EVM measurements • Definition of EVM measurement remains unresolved • Use view define key to shift Q 900 Confidential

  35. Tektronix Introduces Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer _ The New Test Solution for RF & Broadband IC Design RSA3408A Trigger, Capture, Analyze! Confidential

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