HIA and Flood Management: The Challenge for Southeast Asian Cities

1. HIA and Flood Management:The Challenge for Southeast Asian Cities Decharut SukkumnoedKasetsart University andHealthy Public Policy Foundation

2. Floods: Emerging Risks?

3. Southeast Asian Floods in 2011 • More than million households (or around 5 million people) were inundated. • More than 3,000 people were dead. • Nearly 2 million hectares were inundated. • Economic loss is more than 45 billion USD

4. Direct Drowning Injuries (e.g. cuts, sprains, fractures, punctures, electric shock) Vector-and rodent-borne diseases( e.g. malaria, leptospirosis) Chemical contamination (e.g. of water, food) Skin/eye infections Mental health Indirect Damage to health care infrastructure and loss of essential drugs Damage to water and sanitation infrastructure Damage/destruction of property (e.g. lack of shelter may lead to increased exposure to disease vectors) Disruption of livelihood and income Population displacement Potential health effects of flooding

5. Health Impact Assessment • A commitment to HPP means the government must assess and measure the health impacts of their policies in a consultative and participatory ways. • HIA=“a combination of procedures, methods, and tools by which a policy, program, project may be judged as to its potential effect on health of the population and the distribution of those effects within the population.” • HIA provides “a set of evidence-based recommendations gears to informing decision-making process”. • The aim of HIA is to “achieve changes in policies and proposals so that they support better health and reduce health inequalities”.

6. How HIA can contribute to more effective and equitable flood management? To investigate to role of HIA in five steps of flood management

7. Future Exposure Analysis

8. Top 10 countries by assets exposed today and in the 2070s

9. Figure Top 15 countries by population exposed today and in the 2070s

10. HIA Contribution Point I • Participating in Flood Exposure Analysis • Understanding the Emerging Risks • Providing Health Perspective in Flood Exposure Analysis

11. Flood Risk Assessment Define Flood Severity Define Vulnerability Define Control and Mitigation Measures

12. Flood Hazard Mapping

13. Land use planning responds to flood risks

14. Control measures to reduce the probability and severity of a flood

15. HIA Contribution Point II • HIA is very useful tool for vulnerability mapping • Focusing on vulnerable groups, places, and effects • Avoiding health impacts in the most vulnerable areas and groups

16. Death By Electric Shock in Thailand

17. Adaptation Strategies Protect Strategy Accommodation Strategy (Planned) Retreat Strategy

18. Three Typologies of Flood Adaptation

19. Integrated Flood Design with Urban Living

20. Innovative Flood Protection Design

21. New Highways with Integrate Flood Protection Design

22. Wet Flood-Proof House http://www.chiefscientist.qld.gov.au/publications/understanding-floods/future.aspx

23. Wet Flood-Proof House http://homearchitecturestyles.com/home-design/flood-resistant-house-design.html

24. Design for Wet Flood-Proofing Community

25. Design for Dry Flood-Proofing Home

26. Flood Retention Area

27. Flood Retention Green Area http://www.archdaily.com/131747/shanghai-houtan-park-turenscape/ http://www.archdaily.com/131747/shanghai-houtan-park-turenscape/

28. Floating Agriculture at Lake Inle, Myanmar

29. HIA Contribution Point IV and V • Analyzing potential health impacts, both positive and negative, of different adaptation strategies • Promoting innovative flood design with integrated flood management into sustainable development • Presenting unseen positive and negative health impacts

30. Institutional Traps in Flood Management • Fragmentation = fix with organization own roles and responsibilities • Rigidity = fix with conventional way of flood protection, large structural measures • Scale = focus on one scale of flood management; centralization VS decentralization • Elite capture = protect the benefits of better-off groups within the society • Crisis management = focus only on the short period of time during the crisis mainly for public relation and political objectives

31. Strategies Institutional Traps Fragmentation Rigidity Scale Elite capture Crisis Management Expanding public participation   Building adaptive capacities at multiple levels   Integrating with development   Prioritizing the vulnerable   Linking knowledge and practices   Addressing Institutional Traps

32. Five Strategies to avoid Institutional Traps Expanding public participation Building adaptive capacities at multiple levels Integrating with development Prioritizing the vulnerable Linking knowledge and practices Underpinning Values of HIA Democracy Equity Ethical Use of Evidence Practicability Collaboration Comprehensiveness Sustainability HIA Contribution Point V

33. Conclusion • Flood risks are intensified and more vulnerable for the Southeast Asian cities. • Require new and innovative strategy to cope and respond to intensifying risks • HIA can be one of useful tools in • Understanding risks and vulnerabilities • Analyzing adaptation strategies • Addressing institutional traps • Conducting HIA case studies for flood management in this region.