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Commas

Commas. The slides containing comma rules have the star!. Use commas to set off all items in a date (except the month and day). July 22, 1959, was a momentous day in his life. EXCEPTION: When you use just the month and the year, do not use a comma after the month or year.

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Commas

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  1. Commas The slides containing comma rules have the star!

  2. Use commas to set off all items in a date (except the month and day) July 22, 1959, was a momentous day in his life. EXCEPTION: When you use just the month and the year, do not use a comma after the month or year. The average temperatures for July 1998 are the highest on record for that month.

  3. Use commas to set off all geographical names. Birmingham, Alabama, gets its name from Birmingham, England.

  4. Use commas to set off all items in an address (except the street number and street name) • Who lives at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D.C.?

  5. Use commas to set off all titles in names • Rachel B. Lake, M.D., will be the guest speaker.

  6. Use a comma between a dialogue tag and a quotation John said without emotion, "I'll see you tomorrow." • (You’ve seen this when we discussed quotation marks for dialogue!) 

  7. Use a comma to separate an interjection from the rest of the sentence • Wow, you’re doing an awesome job on this!

  8. Use a comma to separate items in a list • Arts, Crafts, and You • Then you paint it, let it dry, and glue on these little beads • The beads I’ve collected are red, yellow, and blue Nouns Verb phrases Adjectives

  9. EXCEPTION! DO NOT use a comma to separate items in a list when: • You are listing adjectives that each belong to a different category AND • They are positioned right before their noun Marla used big green square beads.

  10. Take a stretching break. Before we can continue with comma rules, we need to discuss the difference between phrases and clauses.

  11. Phrases v.s. Clauses PHRASES CLAUSES • group of closely related words that doesn’t have both a subject and a predicate. Cannot stand alone as its own sentence (would be a fragment) • has a subject and a predicate Can stand alone as a complete sentence -OR- Can lean on a complete sentence for support

  12. PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES • Prepositional phrase = preposition + noun that comes right after it + articles or adjectives Cecelia fell into the jaws of that huge carnivorous plant. • Into (preposition) the (article) jaws (noun) • Of (preposition) that huge carnivorous (adjectives) plant (noun)

  13. When a prepositional phrase is at the beginning of a sentence, you may use a comma if you’d like. It is optional! Under the apple tree we will find treats. Under the apple tree, we will find treats.

  14. Participial Phrases • Participle: verb that functions as an adjective in a sentence • Usually ends in “–ing” or “–ed” • Participial phrase = the participle + the words associated with it Shouting with happiness, Emerson celebrated her victory. • Shouting= participle • With happiness= words associated with the participle

  15. When a participial phrase starts a sentence, use a comma to separate it from the rest of the sentence Starving after skipping breakfast, the piranha swam away for a tasty treat.

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