National Movement for Righteousness and Transformation N-MRT

1. We often think that Lupang Hinirang means Beloved Country. But Hinirang really means “chosen.” Therefore Lupang Hinirang means “Chosen Land.” The Philippines is God’s Chosen Land! And yet we must birth this chosen land again, after its natural birth centuries ago. We must be born again, AS A NATION, so that we can truly become God’s Chosen Land. To be born again AS A NATION, we need nothing less than a NATIONAL MOVEMENT FOR RIGHTEOUSNESS AND TRANSFORMATION.We often think that Lupang Hinirang means Beloved Country. But Hinirang really means “chosen.” Therefore Lupang Hinirang means “Chosen Land.” The Philippines is God’s Chosen Land! And yet we must birth this chosen land again, after its natural birth centuries ago. We must be born again, AS A NATION, so that we can truly become God’s Chosen Land. To be born again AS A NATION, we need nothing less than a NATIONAL MOVEMENT FOR RIGHTEOUSNESS AND TRANSFORMATION.

2. God has a purpose for our nation.

3. We can understandGod’s purpose for our nation By reviewing prophetic words given to our nation in the past By studying our history God’s purpose for our nation has been preset God has been preparing us for this purpose Our past will show how God has invested in our country Understanding God’s purpose for our nation We can begin to understand God’s purpose for our nation through the following: By studying our history God has not only set beforehand our nation’s purpose but He has also been preparing us for our purpose. And God has been preparing us for our purpose by being actively involved in our nation’s history. By studying our history and observing God’s work in the past, we will have an idea or an understanding of God’s purpose for our country. By reviewing prophetic words given to our nation in the past “See, the former things have taken place, and new things I declare; before they spring into being I announce them to you” (Isaiah 42:9). God makes His plans and purposes known to His people and He communicates these in various ways. In the past, God has shown to many individuals His purpose for our nation: passages in Scriptures made alive and relevant to our nation, dreams and visions, prophetic utterances spoken. A review of these impressions and revelations will give us an understanding of God’s purpose for our nation.Understanding God’s purpose for our nation We can begin to understand God’s purpose for our nation through the following: By studying our history God has not only set beforehand our nation’s purpose but He has also been preparing us for our purpose. And God has been preparing us for our purpose by being actively involved in our nation’s history. By studying our history and observing God’s work in the past, we will have an idea or an understanding of God’s purpose for our country. By reviewing prophetic words given to our nation in the past “See, the former things have taken place, and new things I declare; before they spring into being I announce them to you” (Isaiah 42:9). God makes His plans and purposes known to His people and He communicates these in various ways. In the past, God has shown to many individuals His purpose for our nation: passages in Scriptures made alive and relevant to our nation, dreams and visions, prophetic utterances spoken. A review of these impressions and revelations will give us an understanding of God’s purpose for our nation.

4. Framework in studying our history Jesus’ parable of the wheat and the weeds (Matt 13:24-30) When God is at work, the enemy is also at work. As we study our history, we should see God’s work in preparing the Philippines for its destiny. But we should also discern what the enemy has planted to hinder the fulfillment of God’s purpose for our nation. Framework in studying our history Jesus’ parable of the wheat and the weeds (Matt 13:24-30) When God is at work, the enemy is also at work. As we study our history, we should see God’s work in preparing the Philippines for its destiny. But we should also discern what the enemy has planted to hinder the fulfillment of God’s purpose for our nation. Matt 13:24-30: 24 Another parable He put forth to them, saying: "The kingdom of heaven is like a man who sowed good seed in his field; 25 "but while men slept, his enemy came and sowed tares among the wheat and went his way. 26 "But when the grain had sprouted and produced a crop, then the tares also appeared. 27 "So the servants of the owner came and said to him, 'Sir, did you not sow good seed in your field? How then does it have tares?‘ 28 "He said to them, 'An enemy has done this.' The servants said to him, 'Do you want us then to go and gather them up?‘ 29 "But he said, 'No, lest while you gather up the tares you also uproot the wheat with them. 30 'Let both grow together until the harvest, and at the time of harvest I will say to the reapers, "First gather together the tares and bind them in bundles to burn them, but gather the wheat into my barn." ' " Framework in studying our history Jesus’ parable of the wheat and the weeds (Matt 13:24-30) When God is at work, the enemy is also at work. As we study our history, we should see God’s work in preparing the Philippines for its destiny. But we should also discern what the enemy has planted to hinder the fulfillment of God’s purpose for our nation. Matt 13:24-30: 24 Another parable He put forth to them, saying: "The kingdom of heaven is like a man who sowed good seed in his field; 25 "but while men slept, his enemy came and sowed tares among the wheat and went his way. 26 "But when the grain had sprouted and produced a crop, then the tares also appeared. 27 "So the servants of the owner came and said to him, 'Sir, did you not sow good seed in your field? How then does it have tares?‘ 28 "He said to them, 'An enemy has done this.' The servants said to him, 'Do you want us then to go and gather them up?‘ 29 "But he said, 'No, lest while you gather up the tares you also uproot the wheat with them. 30 'Let both grow together until the harvest, and at the time of harvest I will say to the reapers, "First gather together the tares and bind them in bundles to burn them, but gather the wheat into my barn." ' "

5. Overview of our nation’s history Pre-colonial period Spanish period 1521-1898 American period 1898-1946 Philippine Republic 1946-1972 1972 (Martial Law) – to present Overview of our nation’s history Pre-colonial period: we will discuss this in detail because it constitutes the foundation which God laid for our people—a foundation which was never totally lost, despite the tares planted by the enemy in the succeeding stages of our history Spanish period 1521-1898 American period 1898-1946 Philippine Republic 1946-1972 1972 (Martial Law) – to present:Overview of our nation’s history Pre-colonial period: we will discuss this in detail because it constitutes the foundation which God laid for our people—a foundation which was never totally lost, despite the tares planted by the enemy in the succeeding stages of our history Spanish period 1521-1898 American period 1898-1946 Philippine Republic 1946-1972 1972 (Martial Law) – to present:

6. The Pre-Colonial Period

7. Pre-Colonial Period “ From one man he made every nation of men, that they should inhabit the whole earth; and he determined the time set for them and the exact places where they should live” (Acts 17:26) God created the LAND God caused the land to be inhabited by PEOPLE God provided natural RESOURCES in order for the people to live in the land LAND, PEOPLE, RESOURCES: Let us look at each and every one of these creations of God.LAND, PEOPLE, RESOURCES: Let us look at each and every one of these creations of God.

8. Pre-Colonial Period: The Land An archipelago made up of 7,107 islands Total area of 300,780 square kilometers as large as Italy larger than New Zealand very much larger than Britain Rivers and seas all around A ‘crossroad’ in the migration and trade route The LAND The Philippines is an archipelago made up of 7,107 islands of which 2,773 are named. A total area of 300,780 square kilometers makes the Philippines a medium-sized country. as large as Italy larger than New Zealand very much larger than Britain The Philippines: a ‘Crossroad’ During ancient times, the Philippines became a crossroad through which various migrating groups passed because the trade winds naturally blew towards the direction of the Philippines. Being a crossroad, traders from China, India, Japan and some Arab countries came to the islands. At present, it is at the crossroad of international air and sea routes. Together with other Southeast Asian countries, the Philippines is at a strategic location in reaching out to 2/3 of the world’s population which is in Asia. Today, two-thirds of the world’s population can be reached in about 2-5 hours by plane from NAIA. Philippine coastline: 36,289 km US coastline: 19,924 km United Kingdom total area: 244,820 sq km The LAND The Philippines is an archipelago made up of 7,107 islands of which 2,773 are named. A total area of 300,780 square kilometers makes the Philippines a medium-sized country. as large as Italy larger than New Zealand very much larger than Britain The Philippines: a ‘Crossroad’ During ancient times, the Philippines became a crossroad through which various migrating groups passed because the trade winds naturally blew towards the direction of the Philippines. Being a crossroad, traders from China, India, Japan and some Arab countries came to the islands. At present, it is at the crossroad of international air and sea routes. Together with other Southeast Asian countries, the Philippines is at a strategic location in reaching out to 2/3 of the world’s population which is in Asia. Today, two-thirds of the world’s population can be reached in about 2-5 hours by plane from NAIA. Philippine coastline: 36,289 km US coastline: 19,924 km United Kingdom total area: 244,820 sq km

9. The World in Actual Size

10. Google Image of Asia

11. Google Image of the Philippines The LAND The Philippines is an archipelago made up of 7,107 islands of which 2,773 are named. A total land area of 300,780 square kilometers makes the Philippines a medium-sized country. as large as Italy larger than New Zealand very much larger than Britain The Philippines: a ‘Crossroad’ During ancient times, the Philippines became a crossroad through which various migrating groups passed because the trade winds naturally blew towards the direction of the Philippines. Being a crossroad, traders from China, India, Japan and some Arab countries came to the islands. At present, it is at the crossroad of international air and sea routes. Together with other Southeast Asian countries, the Philippines is at a strategic location in reaching out to 2/3 of the world’s population which is in Asia. Today, two-thirds of the world’s population can be reached in about 2-5 hours by plane from NAIA.The LAND The Philippines is an archipelago made up of 7,107 islands of which 2,773 are named. A total land area of 300,780 square kilometers makes the Philippines a medium-sized country. as large as Italy larger than New Zealand very much larger than Britain The Philippines: a ‘Crossroad’ During ancient times, the Philippines became a crossroad through which various migrating groups passed because the trade winds naturally blew towards the direction of the Philippines. Being a crossroad, traders from China, India, Japan and some Arab countries came to the islands. At present, it is at the crossroad of international air and sea routes. Together with other Southeast Asian countries, the Philippines is at a strategic location in reaching out to 2/3 of the world’s population which is in Asia. Today, two-thirds of the world’s population can be reached in about 2-5 hours by plane from NAIA.

12. Pre-Colonial Period:The Resources extremely fertile agricultural land with potential of 18 million hectares, only 1/3 of which is currently cultivated teeming biodiversity in flora and fauna on land and marine life on sea inexhaustible sources of energy – oil, natural gas, deuterium minerals for the technological age - gold, silver, copper, silicon, uranium The RESOURCES The Philippines is abundantly blessed with many natural resources. extremely fertile agricultural land with potential of 18 million hectares, only 1/3 of which is currently cultivated teeming biodiversity in flora and fauna on land and marine life on sea inexhaustible sources of energy – oil, natural gas, deuterium minerals for the technological age - gold, silver, copper, silicon, uraniumThe RESOURCES The Philippines is abundantly blessed with many natural resources. extremely fertile agricultural land with potential of 18 million hectares, only 1/3 of which is currently cultivated teeming biodiversity in flora and fauna on land and marine life on sea inexhaustible sources of energy – oil, natural gas, deuterium minerals for the technological age - gold, silver, copper, silicon, uranium

13. The RESOURCES The Philippines is abundantly blessed with many natural resources. extremely fertile agricultural land with potential of 18 million hectares, only 1/3 of which is currently cultivated teeming biodiversity in flora and fauna on land and marine life on sea inexhaustible sources of energy – oil, natural gas, deuterium minerals for the technological age - gold, silver, copper, silicon, uraniumThe RESOURCES The Philippines is abundantly blessed with many natural resources. extremely fertile agricultural land with potential of 18 million hectares, only 1/3 of which is currently cultivated teeming biodiversity in flora and fauna on land and marine life on sea inexhaustible sources of energy – oil, natural gas, deuterium minerals for the technological age - gold, silver, copper, silicon, uranium

14. “The fusion fuels are deuterium and tritium: These nuclei are isotopes of hydrogen: they have the same number of protons, different number of neutrons.”

15. “Deuterium:  One gallon of water contains 1/8 gram of deuterium.”

16. “If fully burned in fusion reactions, the energy output would be equivalent to 300 gallons of gasoline. “

17. “In other words, the available energy supply of fusion fuel is equivalent to filling the Atlantic and Pacific oceans 300 times with gasoline.”

18. “If fusion can be successfully harnessed, it could satisfy the entire world's electrical energy needs for millions of years. Fusion can also produce hydrogen which may be useful for transportation.”

19. http://other.nrl.navy.mil/LaserFusionEnergy/fusionfuels.html

20. Pre-Colonial Period: The People The land was peopled by a mixture of races; these were not homogeneous in terms of local culture and development Early Filipinos were greatly influenced (but never conquered) by Asian countries Early Filipino culture was deeply-rooted The PEOPLE The land was peopled by a mixture of races Definitely there were many groups of people who reached the Philippines during the prehistoric times. However, the movements follow a complex network of paths. People came from Southeast Asian countries, from mainland Asia (China, Vietnam), and from the southeast (Celebes, Moluccas and New Guinea). The Philippines became a crossroad through which various migrating group such as Negritoes, Polynesians, and Indo-Malays came to settle or just passed through. [We will discuss the rest one by one:} Pre-hispanic communities had different levels of development Early Filipinos were also influenced by Asian countries Early Filipino political economy and culture was deeply-rooted The PEOPLE The land was peopled by a mixture of races Definitely there were many groups of people who reached the Philippines during the prehistoric times. However, the movements follow a complex network of paths. People came from Southeast Asian countries, from mainland Asia (China, Vietnam), and from the southeast (Celebes, Moluccas and New Guinea). The Philippines became a crossroad through which various migrating group such as Negritoes, Polynesians, and Indo-Malays came to settle or just passed through. [We will discuss the rest one by one:} Pre-hispanic communities had different levels of development Early Filipinos were also influenced by Asian countries Early Filipino political economy and culture was deeply-rooted

21. Early Filipino political economy and culture were deeply-rooted Early Filipinos believed in a Supreme Being. Each tribe had a deep sense of consensual democracy. Women were the equals of men, and played a pivotal role in tribal society. Tribes had no intent of expanding their territories or subjugating other peoples. Early Filipino political economy and culture was well-developed Filipino political economy and culture was not only fairly well-developed by the time contacts had been established with the Europeans in the 1500s; they would serve as the firm foundation of our society up to now. Historical accounts in Spanish chronicles, artifacts recovered from archeological diggings, and oral folklore gathered by our anthropologists attest to this observation. We will look at each of these facets one by one in the following frames: Early Filipinos were not totally pagan or animistic; they already had a concept of a Supreme Being. He came by various names—Magbabaya, Bathala, Manama, etc—but lived in the seventh realm, too far out and too awesome for early Filipinos to reach out to or attempt to know. This underscores the Filipino’s humility before the Supreme Being, as well as his/her inability to conceptualize Him on his/her own. When early Filipino communities went to war, it was not to expand their territories or subjugate other peoples, but to settle petty disputes among themselves. They did not have to expand their territories or subjugate other peoples because God had provided plentifully for each tribe! Women were equal with men for the same reason. Vegetation was rich; it was sufficient for the people’s nutrition. Horticulture was discovered early because plants grew easily on fertile soil, 12 months a year. The people’s sustenance, shelter, and clothing, not needing much physical strength, could therefore be provided by women. Men needed to hunt wild boar and deer only occasionally, for special occasions. So it happened that the babaylan, who had to be a woman, grew in stature in the community, becoming not only the tribe’s healer and counselor but also its historian, epic chanter, and datu whenever the datu was disabled. Early Filipino political economy and culture was well-developed Filipino political economy and culture was not only fairly well-developed by the time contacts had been established with the Europeans in the 1500s; they would serve as the firm foundation of our society up to now. Historical accounts in Spanish chronicles, artifacts recovered from archeological diggings, and oral folklore gathered by our anthropologists attest to this observation. We will look at each of these facets one by one in the following frames: Early Filipinos were not totally pagan or animistic; they already had a concept of a Supreme Being. He came by various names—Magbabaya, Bathala, Manama, etc—but lived in the seventh realm, too far out and too awesome for early Filipinos to reach out to or attempt to know. This underscores the Filipino’s humility before the Supreme Being, as well as his/her inability to conceptualize Him on his/her own. When early Filipino communities went to war, it was not to expand their territories or subjugate other peoples, but to settle petty disputes among themselves. They did not have to expand their territories or subjugate other peoples because God had provided plentifully for each tribe! Women were equal with men for the same reason. Vegetation was rich; it was sufficient for the people’s nutrition. Horticulture was discovered early because plants grew easily on fertile soil, 12 months a year. The people’s sustenance, shelter, and clothing, not needing much physical strength, could therefore be provided by women. Men needed to hunt wild boar and deer only occasionally, for special occasions. So it happened that the babaylan, who had to be a woman, grew in stature in the community, becoming not only the tribe’s healer and counselor but also its historian, epic chanter, and datu whenever the datu was disabled.

22. Early Filipinos believed in a Supreme Being. He came by various names—Magbabaya, Bathala, Manama, Kabunian But he lived in the seventh realm of heaven, too awesome for early Filipinos to know The early Filipino was so humble s/he did not dare to describe the Supreme Being. S/he needed someone else to describe it for him/her. Early Filipinos were not totally pagan or animistic; they already had a concept of a Supreme Being. He came by various names—Magbabaya, Bathala, Manama, etc—but lived in the seventh realm, too far out and too awesome for early Filipinos to reach out to or attempt to know. This underscores the Filipino’s humility before the Supreme Being, as well as his/her inability to conceptualize Him on his/her own. Early Filipinos were not totally pagan or animistic; they already had a concept of a Supreme Being. He came by various names—Magbabaya, Bathala, Manama, etc—but lived in the seventh realm, too far out and too awesome for early Filipinos to reach out to or attempt to know. This underscores the Filipino’s humility before the Supreme Being, as well as his/her inability to conceptualize Him on his/her own.

23. Democracy permeated early Filipino life Property was communal; no one person owned the land. Therefore, no one ruled; a triad consisting of datu, babaylan and panday LED the tribe. All issues were settled by consensus.

24. Women were men’s equals They provided the pickings and horticulture to feed the clan out of God’s bounty. Men needed to hunt wild boar and deer only occasionally, because vegetation was already bounteous enough for nutrition. This made the babaylan, often a woman, not only a healer, but a counselor, historian, epic chanter, and vice datu. Women were equal with men for the same reason. Vegetation was rich; it was sufficient for the people’s nutrition. Horticulture was discovered early because plants grew easily on fertile soil, 12 months a year. The people’s sustenance, shelter, and clothing, not needing much physical strength, could therefore be provided by women. Men needed to hunt wild boar and deer only occasionally, for special occasions. So it happened that the babaylan, who had to be a woman, grew in stature in the community, becoming not only the tribe’s healer and counselor but also its historian, epic chanter, and datu whenever the datu was disabled. Women were equal with men for the same reason. Vegetation was rich; it was sufficient for the people’s nutrition. Horticulture was discovered early because plants grew easily on fertile soil, 12 months a year. The people’s sustenance, shelter, and clothing, not needing much physical strength, could therefore be provided by women. Men needed to hunt wild boar and deer only occasionally, for special occasions. So it happened that the babaylan, who had to be a woman, grew in stature in the community, becoming not only the tribe’s healer and counselor but also its historian, epic chanter, and datu whenever the datu was disabled.

25. Early Filipinos never subjugated others. God gave them such bounty that they did not go to war to expand their territories or subjugate others. Their wars were caused by petty disputes between adjoining tribes. Visayas and Luzon communities, however, were helpless against Muslim pirates who raided and kidnapped one or two of theirs for the slave trade. When early Filipino communities went to war, it was not to expand their territories or subjugate other peoples, but to settle petty disputes among themselves. They did not have to expand their territories or subjugate other peoples because God had provided plentifully for each tribe! But Muslim pirates often raided them for the purpose of kidnapping individuals in their tribes who would be put to work in Muslim communities in Mindanao and Sulu. When early Filipino communities went to war, it was not to expand their territories or subjugate other peoples, but to settle petty disputes among themselves. They did not have to expand their territories or subjugate other peoples because God had provided plentifully for each tribe! But Muslim pirates often raided them for the purpose of kidnapping individuals in their tribes who would be put to work in Muslim communities in Mindanao and Sulu.

26. Precolonial societies were ripe for the Spanish conquest by 1521. They needed a better understanding of their Supreme Being They had to be united into one nation They had to be brought into a more “modern” world— And suffer the consequences for these Precolonial societies were ripe for the Spanish conquest by 1521. They needed a more cogent understanding of their Supreme Being They had to be united into one nation They had to be brought into a more modern world— And suffer the consequences for these Precolonial societies were ripe for the Spanish conquest by 1521. They needed a more cogent understanding of their Supreme Being They had to be united into one nation They had to be brought into a more modern world— And suffer the consequences for these

27. Spanish Period (1521-1898)

28. Spanish Period: Archipelago Named Magellan reached our shores on March 17, 1521— And gave the islands its first name, “The Archipelago of St. Lazarus.” 21 years later, Villalobos reached the islands— And renamed the land “Islas Filipinas” in honor of Crown Prince Philip, who later became King. Our land’s name tells our land’s purpose. Spain named the archipelago. With the objective of seeking spices and gold which were in great demand in Europe, Magellan sailed towards the East by going west. He reached the Philippines on March 17, 1521. Two weeks later at the place called Masao, as they celebrated a mass on the Resurrection Sunday of 1521, Magellan named the archipelago “ the Archipelago of St. Lazarus”. Twenty-one years later (1542), Villalobos reached the Philippines and he named the Philippines “Islas Filipinas” in honor of Crown Prince Philip (later King Philip II). This was later Anglicized to “Philippine Islands” during the American colonial rule, and changed to “Republic of the Philippines” in 1946. Significance of our name: Through the name of our country, we can gain an understanding of God’s purpose for our nation. In the Scriptures, when a person or place is given a name, the name chosen either describes the calling or the character of that person or place. The Philippines was named after King Philip II who had a missionary heart. In 1565, he was advised to give up the Philippines because of its remoteness and apparent worthlessness. His response: “If there were only one person there to keep the name of Jesus alive, I would send missionaries from Spain to spread His Gospel. Looking for mines of precious metals is not the only business of kings.” Indirectly, the Philippines is named after Philip in the Bible who was known first as a faithful servant and then later as an evangelist. From these facts we can sense that we have a missionary calling as a nation. Spain also defined our country geographically.Spain named the archipelago. With the objective of seeking spices and gold which were in great demand in Europe, Magellan sailed towards the East by going west. He reached the Philippines on March 17, 1521. Two weeks later at the place called Masao, as they celebrated a mass on the Resurrection Sunday of 1521, Magellan named the archipelago “ the Archipelago of St. Lazarus”. Twenty-one years later (1542), Villalobos reached the Philippines and he named the Philippines “Islas Filipinas” in honor of Crown Prince Philip (later King Philip II). This was later Anglicized to “Philippine Islands” during the American colonial rule, and changed to “Republic of the Philippines” in 1946. Significance of our name: Through the name of our country, we can gain an understanding of God’s purpose for our nation. In the Scriptures, when a person or place is given a name, the name chosen either describes the calling or the character of that person or place. The Philippines was named after King Philip II who had a missionary heart. In 1565, he was advised to give up the Philippines because of its remoteness and apparent worthlessness. His response: “If there were only one person there to keep the name of Jesus alive, I would send missionaries from Spain to spread His Gospel. Looking for mines of precious metals is not the only business of kings.” Indirectly, the Philippines is named after Philip in the Bible who was known first as a faithful servant and then later as an evangelist. From these facts we can sense that we have a missionary calling as a nation. Spain also defined our country geographically.

29. Spanish Period (1521-1898) Spanish colonization laid the groundwork for our nation. The Spaniards stayed 333 years. The development of the Philippines as a nation was therefore greatly influenced by the Spanish colonizers. Spanish colonization laid the groundwork for our nation. For 333 years (1565-1898), the Philippines was a colony of Spain. The development of the Philippines as a nation was therefore greatly influenced by the Spanish colonizers.Spanish colonization laid the groundwork for our nation. For 333 years (1565-1898), the Philippines was a colony of Spain. The development of the Philippines as a nation was therefore greatly influenced by the Spanish colonizers.

30. Spain’s effects on us It stopped Islamization of the islands It brought Catholicism to our shores It developed our economy, politics and culture into a feudal one It unified our tribal societies Spain introduced Christianity. Spain’s introduction of Christianity stopped the Islamization of the islands. Filipino identity developed out of this new religion. Religious rituals, celebrations and fiestas set the rhythm for community life and held the community together. Painting, music, literature, architecture and other art forms expressed this development. In a way, Christianity united the Filipinos as one people with common beliefs and interests.Spain introduced Christianity. Spain’s introduction of Christianity stopped the Islamization of the islands. Filipino identity developed out of this new religion. Religious rituals, celebrations and fiestas set the rhythm for community life and held the community together. Painting, music, literature, architecture and other art forms expressed this development. In a way, Christianity united the Filipinos as one people with common beliefs and interests.

31. What Spanish colonizationdid to our indigenous democracy Colonizers instituted a centralized form of government Uniting all barangays Excluding Muslim communities Datu families were gathered around town centers or pueblos Peasant families lived in the old barangays, in the peripheries This gave rise to classes and corruption of datu families Spain brought in European culture and advancement. The Spanish colonizers instituted a centralized form of government uniting all barangays under colonial rule. But this did not include the Muslim communities in the south and the natives in the Cordillera region. Indigenous communities were developed around town centers (poblaciones) to ensure monitoring of the upper classes by the Spanish friars and governors. Through the Reduccion many towns were founded, roads and bridges were constructed, new plants and animals were introduced, new industries were taught, schools and colleges were founded, and hospitals and orphanages were established. The Observatory of Manila was founded by the Jesuit missionaries.Spain brought in European culture and advancement. The Spanish colonizers instituted a centralized form of government uniting all barangays under colonial rule. But this did not include the Muslim communities in the south and the natives in the Cordillera region. Indigenous communities were developed around town centers (poblaciones) to ensure monitoring of the upper classes by the Spanish friars and governors. Through the Reduccion many towns were founded, roads and bridges were constructed, new plants and animals were introduced, new industries were taught, schools and colleges were founded, and hospitals and orphanages were established. The Observatory of Manila was founded by the Jesuit missionaries.

32. The weeds of Spanish colonization Imposing a system of classes on Philippine society, Spanish colonizers destroyed the indigenous Filipino’s sense of consensual democracy and equality between men and women. Spanish colonial structures of inequality produced a sense of inferiority and low self-worth among Filipinos, encouraging datu families to plow into public bin. The weeds of Spanish colonization Spanish colonizers corrupted the indigenous Filipino’s high sense of morality. To maintain their domination, Spanish colonizers perpetrated the ignorance and weaknesses of the Indio. Spanish colonial structures of inequality produced a sense of inferiority and low self-worth among Filipinos The weeds of Spanish colonization Spanish colonizers corrupted the indigenous Filipino’s high sense of morality. To maintain their domination, Spanish colonizers perpetrated the ignorance and weaknesses of the Indio. Spanish colonial structures of inequality produced a sense of inferiority and low self-worth among Filipinos

33. Birth of a nation through revolution The destruction of democracy incited revolts throughout Spanish rule. More than a hundred major revolts took place from 1565 to 1872 Execution of GomBurZa in 1872 served as a catalyst for a nationalist movement Filipino nationalism reached its peak during the Philippine Revolution of 1896 to 1898. Rise of a national revolutionary movement Throughout the three centuries of Spanish rule, almost everywhere in the country, the Filipinos opposed the imposition of Spanish sovereignty. More than a hundred major revolts took place from 1565 to 1872. But the execution of Gomez, Burgos and Zamora in 1872 served as a catalyst for the birth of a nationalist movement. Then, in 1892, twenty years later, a national revolutionary movement, the Katipunan, was established to gain independence from Spain. This was the peak of Filipino nationalism and this period is now referred to as the Philippine Revolution of 1896 -1898. Some of the major events during this period are: The Cry of Pugadlawin – August 23, 1896 The Tejeros Convention on March 22, 1897 – rivalry in the revolutionary leadership The execution of Bonifacio on May 10, 1987 The Pact of Biak-na-bato on December 15, 1897 – as part of the truce, Aguinaldo and his companions went on voluntary exile to Hong Kong after receiving the amount of 400,000 pesos. The Battle of Manila Bay on May 1, 1898 – the Spanish fleet was defeated by the Americans Rise of a national revolutionary movement Throughout the three centuries of Spanish rule, almost everywhere in the country, the Filipinos opposed the imposition of Spanish sovereignty. More than a hundred major revolts took place from 1565 to 1872. But the execution of Gomez, Burgos and Zamora in 1872 served as a catalyst for the birth of a nationalist movement. Then, in 1892, twenty years later, a national revolutionary movement, the Katipunan, was established to gain independence from Spain. This was the peak of Filipino nationalism and this period is now referred to as the Philippine Revolution of 1896 -1898. Some of the major events during this period are: The Cry of Pugadlawin – August 23, 1896 The Tejeros Convention on March 22, 1897 – rivalry in the revolutionary leadership The execution of Bonifacio on May 10, 1987 The Pact of Biak-na-bato on December 15, 1897 – as part of the truce, Aguinaldo and his companions went on voluntary exile to Hong Kong after receiving the amount of 400,000 pesos. The Battle of Manila Bay on May 1, 1898 – the Spanish fleet was defeated by the Americans

34. Birth of a nation through revolution Rise of a national revolutionary movement Throughout the three centuries of Spanish rule, almost everywhere in the country, the Filipinos opposed the imposition of Spanish sovereignty. More than a hundred major revolts took place from 1565 to 1872. But in 1892, a national revolutionary movement, the Katipunan, was established to gain independence from Spain. This was the peak of Filipino nationalism and this period is now referred to as the Philippine Revolution of 1896 -1898. The following are some of the major events during this period: The Cry of Pugadlawin – August 23, 1896 The Tejeros Convention on March 22, 1897 – rivalry in the revolutionary leadership The execution of Bonifacio on May 10, 1987 The Pact of Biak-na-bato on December 15, 1897 – as part of the truce, Aguinaldo and his companions went on voluntary exile to Hong Kong after receiving the amount of 400,000 pesos. The Battle of Manila Bay on May 1, 1898 – the Spanish fleet was defeated by the Americans Rise of a national revolutionary movement Throughout the three centuries of Spanish rule, almost everywhere in the country, the Filipinos opposed the imposition of Spanish sovereignty. More than a hundred major revolts took place from 1565 to 1872. But in 1892, a national revolutionary movement, the Katipunan, was established to gain independence from Spain. This was the peak of Filipino nationalism and this period is now referred to as the Philippine Revolution of 1896 -1898. The following are some of the major events during this period: The Cry of Pugadlawin – August 23, 1896 The Tejeros Convention on March 22, 1897 – rivalry in the revolutionary leadership The execution of Bonifacio on May 10, 1987 The Pact of Biak-na-bato on December 15, 1897 – as part of the truce, Aguinaldo and his companions went on voluntary exile to Hong Kong after receiving the amount of 400,000 pesos. The Battle of Manila Bay on May 1, 1898 – the Spanish fleet was defeated by the Americans

35. Nevertheless, the Spanish Period establishedthe Filipino Nation The nation was defined geographically The nation was given a name The nation was born – independence, flag, anthem, constitution A national consciousness was formed The Spanish Period established the Filipino Nation The nation was defined geographically The nation was given a name The nation was born – independence, flag, anthem, constitution A national consciousness was formed The Spanish Period established the Filipino Nation The nation was defined geographically The nation was given a name The nation was born – independence, flag, anthem, constitution A national consciousness was formed

36. American Period (1898-1946)

37. Arrival of the Americans Industrialization led America to wage war against Spain America’s victory brought out the issue: colonize the Philippines or not? US decision to colonize the Philippines was legitimized by: the decision of Pres. McKinley to colonize the Philippines after seeking the Lord through prayer. the ratification by the US Senate of the Treaty of Paris The Coming of the Americans to the Philippines The Americans arrived in the Philippines on May 1, 1898 – 11 days after the declaration of the Spanish-American War. They attacked and defeated the Spanish fleet at Manila Bay. On August 18, 1898, two months after the declaration of Philippine Independence in Kawit, Cavite, Manila (the seat of Spanish rule) surrendered not to the Filipinos but to the Americans. When Spain surrendered to America, Pres. William McKinley did not know what to do with the Philippines. The reason for this was the controversy in America regarding the issue of colonization or American expansionism. One group favored expansionism for the purpose of having a market for American products and sources for needed raw materials. The other group opposed this for they believed the US had no right to colonize another country and it was not provided for in their constitution. Thus Pres. McKinley sought the Lord on what to do with the Philippines. He walked the floor of the White House “night after night.” Then, one night, it came to him this way: “ I don’t know how it was, but it came; 1) that we could not give them back to Spain – that would be cowardly and dishonorable; 2) that we could not turn them over to France or Germany – our commercial rivals in the Orient – that would be bad business and discreditable; 3) that we could not leave them to themselves – they were unfit for self-government – and they would soon have anarchy and misrule over there worse than Spain’s was; 4) that there was nothing left for us to do but to take them all, and to educate the Filipinos, and uplift and civilize and Christianize them, and by God’s grace do the very best we could by them, as our fellowmen for whom Christ also died. And then I went to bed, and went to sleep and slept soundly…” On December 10,1898 the Treaty of Paris was formally signed, ending the Spanish-American War. Included in the treaty was the ceding of the Philippines to the U.S. by Spain at the price of 20 million US dollars. At the U.S. Senate, the treaty was ratified but with only one vote making the difference.The Coming of the Americans to the Philippines The Americans arrived in the Philippines on May 1, 1898 – 11 days after the declaration of the Spanish-American War. They attacked and defeated the Spanish fleet at Manila Bay. On August 18, 1898, two months after the declaration of Philippine Independence in Kawit, Cavite, Manila (the seat of Spanish rule) surrendered not to the Filipinos but to the Americans. When Spain surrendered to America, Pres. William McKinley did not know what to do with the Philippines. The reason for this was the controversy in America regarding the issue of colonization or American expansionism. One group favored expansionism for the purpose of having a market for American products and sources for needed raw materials. The other group opposed this for they believed the US had no right to colonize another country and it was not provided for in their constitution. Thus Pres. McKinley sought the Lord on what to do with the Philippines. He walked the floor of the White House “night after night.” Then, one night, it came to him this way: “ I don’t know how it was, but it came; 1) that we could not give them back to Spain – that would be cowardly and dishonorable; 2) that we could not turn them over to France or Germany – our commercial rivals in the Orient – that would be bad business and discreditable; 3) that we could not leave them to themselves – they were unfit for self-government – and they would soon have anarchy and misrule over there worse than Spain’s was; 4) that there was nothing left for us to do but to take them all, and to educate the Filipinos, and uplift and civilize and Christianize them, and by God’s grace do the very best we could by them, as our fellowmen for whom Christ also died. And then I went to bed, and went to sleep and slept soundly…” On December 10,1898 the Treaty of Paris was formally signed, ending the Spanish-American War. Included in the treaty was the ceding of the Philippines to the U.S. by Spain at the price of 20 million US dollars. At the U.S. Senate, the treaty was ratified but with only one vote making the difference.

38. The Filipino-American War Pres. McKinley, issuing his benevolent assimilation policy towards Philippines, declared it under Military Control Filipinos rose up and fought hard in spite of their scanty arms Before the war ended 200,000 Filipino lives taken. 4,000 American soldiers, 20,000 Filipino soldiers, 200,000 Filipino civilians dead The Anti-Sedition Law prohibiting display of Philippine flag, among others, was passed . The Coming of the Americans to the Philippines In his 1899 message to the U.S. Congress, Pres. McKinley issued his Benevolent Assimilation policy towards the Philippines. He ordered the Philippines to be placed under military control. Realizing the real motive of the Americans, the Filipinos fought to uphold their freedom, leading to the Filipino-American War (1899-1902). The Americans had all the advantages but the Filipinos fought hard. With the strong resistance given by the Filipinos, the Americans used many tactics to suppress the Filipinos. To obtain information, captives were given the “water cure”; others were tied and dragged bodily behind galloping horses; others were tied up by their thumbs. To cut off supplies to Filipino soldiers, whole villages were burned or turned into reconcentration camps. Before the war ended in 1902, a writer of “Life” Magazine wrote that “more than 4,000 Americans, some 20,000 Filipino soldiers and guerillas, and more than 200,000 civilians had died”. To further suppress Filipino nationalism, the Philippine Commission passed the Sedition Law on November 4, 1901; the Reconcentration Act on June 1, 1903; and the Flag Law which prohibited the display of the Philippine flag from 1907 to 1919.The Coming of the Americans to the Philippines In his 1899 message to the U.S. Congress, Pres. McKinley issued his Benevolent Assimilation policy towards the Philippines. He ordered the Philippines to be placed under military control. Realizing the real motive of the Americans, the Filipinos fought to uphold their freedom, leading to the Filipino-American War (1899-1902). The Americans had all the advantages but the Filipinos fought hard. With the strong resistance given by the Filipinos, the Americans used many tactics to suppress the Filipinos. To obtain information, captives were given the “water cure”; others were tied and dragged bodily behind galloping horses; others were tied up by their thumbs. To cut off supplies to Filipino soldiers, whole villages were burned or turned into reconcentration camps. Before the war ended in 1902, a writer of “Life” Magazine wrote that “more than 4,000 Americans, some 20,000 Filipino soldiers and guerillas, and more than 200,000 civilians had died”. To further suppress Filipino nationalism, the Philippine Commission passed the Sedition Law on November 4, 1901; the Reconcentration Act on June 1, 1903; and the Flag Law which prohibited the display of the Philippine flag from 1907 to 1919.

39. Campaign for Independence Filipinos were defeated but never gave up. Some resisted American rule through arms, others through legal means In May of 1934, the Tydings-McDuffie or Philippine Independence Law was passed. This resulted in the granting of independence on July 4, 1946, after World War II. Campaign for independence Although the Filipinos were defeated during the Filipino-American War, the Filipinos did not give up their quest for independence. They continued to openly voice out their sentiments against US aggression. Twelve Independence missions were sent to the US from 1919-1934. In 1934, the US Congress passed the Tydings-McDuffie Law which was accepted by the Philippine Legislature on May 1, 1934. This was also known as the Philippine Independence Law, as it provided for a ten-year transition period under the Philippine Commonwealth. The plan was disrupted by the Japanese Occupation of the Philippines (1942-1945). On July 4, 1946, the Republic of the Philippines was inaugurated.Campaign for independence Although the Filipinos were defeated during the Filipino-American War, the Filipinos did not give up their quest for independence. They continued to openly voice out their sentiments against US aggression. Twelve Independence missions were sent to the US from 1919-1934. In 1934, the US Congress passed the Tydings-McDuffie Law which was accepted by the Philippine Legislature on May 1, 1934. This was also known as the Philippine Independence Law, as it provided for a ten-year transition period under the Philippine Commonwealth. The plan was disrupted by the Japanese Occupation of the Philippines (1942-1945). On July 4, 1946, the Republic of the Philippines was inaugurated.

40. America’s contributionto the Filipino nation The Americans trained the Filipinos in the “democratic” form of political governance. Public education became a right of all people. The English language was extensively propagated in the country. Public health was promoted. Major improvements were made in transportation and communication facilities. Biblical Christianity was introduced. American Contributions to the Philippines Immediately after their military conquest, the Americans faithfully carried out their colonial policy “to develop, to civilize, to educate and to train in the science of self government” the Filipinos. For nearly five decades, the U.S. Americanized the nation: The Americans trained the Filipinos in the democratic form of political governance. Education became a right of all people. In 1901, 600 volunteer American teachers, the “Thomasites”, came to the Philippines. The English language was extensively propagated in the country, making the Philippines today the third largest English-speaking nation in the whole world. Public health was promoted, leading to the wiping out of epidemics of cholera, small pox and bubonic plague. Major improvements were made in transportation and communication facilities. Roads, bridges and railway systems were constructed; telephone, radio and wireless telegraph services were introduced; air transportation was also introduced. Biblical Christianity was introduced. In August 1898, immediately upon the arrival of American forces in Manila, two Protestant services were conducted at Intramuros led by American chaplains. Missionaries began to arrive mainly during 1899-1905 (Presbyterians, Methodists, Episcopalians, Alliance, etc). Other evangelical missions also came during the 1920’s and 1930’s (Assemblies of God, Four-Square, Fundamental Baptists, etc.). American Contributions to the Philippines Immediately after their military conquest, the Americans faithfully carried out their colonial policy “to develop, to civilize, to educate and to train in the science of self government” the Filipinos. For nearly five decades, the U.S. Americanized the nation: The Americans trained the Filipinos in the democratic form of political governance. Education became a right of all people. In 1901, 600 volunteer American teachers, the “Thomasites”, came to the Philippines. The English language was extensively propagated in the country, making the Philippines today the third largest English-speaking nation in the whole world. Public health was promoted, leading to the wiping out of epidemics of cholera, small pox and bubonic plague. Major improvements were made in transportation and communication facilities. Roads, bridges and railway systems were constructed; telephone, radio and wireless telegraph services were introduced; air transportation was also introduced. Biblical Christianity was introduced. In August 1898, immediately upon the arrival of American forces in Manila, two Protestant services were conducted at Intramuros led by American chaplains. Missionaries began to arrive mainly during 1899-1905 (Presbyterians, Methodists, Episcopalians, Alliance, etc). Other evangelical missions also came during the 1920’s and 1930’s (Assemblies of God, Four-Square, Fundamental Baptists, etc.).

41. Another American contribution: One nation,one national government Establishment of one national government throughout the whole archipelago Approval of the 1935 Philippine Constitution Establishment of the Philippine presidency

42. The American tares American military conquest & suppressive laws subverted growth of nationalism Filipino consensual democracy was further subverted with introduction of a large middle class in the cities Corruption in top rung of government was covered up by existence of this middle class The public school system induced Filipinos to regard American culture as “superior” Filipinos, in becoming avid consumers of American products, learned to despise their own

43. Japanese times (1942-45)

44. Independence delayed The War was a horrifying time for Filipinos, esp women and children But despite their atrocities the Japanese encouraged rediscovery of our culture We had already won the war when the Americans arrived But we treated them as heroes anyway The culture that the Japanese brought to our shores was very strange to us. It was not in our democratic nature to kowtow to other people, even if they were our superiors, but we had to bow to them at checkpoints and everywhere we met them. It was also not in our democratic nature to use women as vessels for men’s comfort. Many of our children and teenagers, and even men and women, were horrified and shocked beyond imagination to see their countrymen walking to the river with bayongs on their heads, these heads to be cut by samurai swords while running; the bodies would keep on running, though the heads had already been severed. Some saw babies being thrown in the air, then caught with the razor-sharp tips of a samurai sword. This lack of respect for people, indeed this carnage, left deep scars in the psyche of the generation that lived through it, scars which would affect even their children. These tares the enemy planted in the minds of our people. Yet, despite their atrocities, the Japanese took pains at least in Manila to encourage rediscovery of our native culture. But such rediscovery was limited to a few artists. Again, we fought hard to win the war against the Japanese, another indication that God had never meant us to be subjugated, and our colonization by three successive powers was not part of His plan. We had won the war against the Japanese when the Americans came in 1945, but we welcomed them with open arms, perhaps because they treated us so differently from the way the Japanese treated us. In the end, we forgot that we ourselves had won the war, and made of the Americans our heroes, our new idols. When MacArthur said “I shall return” and fulfilled his promise, he became another idol in our pantheon of gods. We forgot that it was Jesus Christ who was supposed to return to us, not a mere man.The culture that the Japanese brought to our shores was very strange to us. It was not in our democratic nature to kowtow to other people, even if they were our superiors, but we had to bow to them at checkpoints and everywhere we met them. It was also not in our democratic nature to use women as vessels for men’s comfort. Many of our children and teenagers, and even men and women, were horrified and shocked beyond imagination to see their countrymen walking to the river with bayongs on their heads, these heads to be cut by samurai swords while running; the bodies would keep on running, though the heads had already been severed. Some saw babies being thrown in the air, then caught with the razor-sharp tips of a samurai sword. This lack of respect for people, indeed this carnage, left deep scars in the psyche of the generation that lived through it, scars which would affect even their children. These tares the enemy planted in the minds of our people. Yet, despite their atrocities, the Japanese took pains at least in Manila to encourage rediscovery of our native culture. But such rediscovery was limited to a few artists. Again, we fought hard to win the war against the Japanese, another indication that God had never meant us to be subjugated, and our colonization by three successive powers was not part of His plan. We had won the war against the Japanese when the Americans came in 1945, but we welcomed them with open arms, perhaps because they treated us so differently from the way the Japanese treated us. In the end, we forgot that we ourselves had won the war, and made of the Americans our heroes, our new idols. When MacArthur said “I shall return” and fulfilled his promise, he became another idol in our pantheon of gods. We forgot that it was Jesus Christ who was supposed to return to us, not a mere man.

45. Philippine Republic (1946-1972)

46. The Philippine Republic: An independent nation?

47. Philippine Republic:  An independent nation? Economically After the war, we were Asia’s most war-devastated country Economically bankrupt, we begged for financial assistance. The conditions imposed for the rehabilitation and reconstruction fund tied our agricultural economy to the American economy . The Issue of Independence Declared in 1946 The US fulfilled its promise of granting independence to the Philippines, as provided for in the Tydings-McDuffie Law of 1934. But we did not proclaim our independence. The U.S. colonizers proclaimed it for us. “A nation is born. Long live the Republic of the Philippines! May God bless and prosper the Filipino people, keep them safe and free,” declared High Commissioner McNutt. It was not the same for other countries: the U.S. formally declared its independence from Britain; after World War II, Asian countries like India, Indonesia, and Burma declared their independence. The question is: were we truly independent during the Philippine Republic? Economically – After the war, we were begging for financial assistance considering that our country was one of the countries in Asia most devastated by the war. Our economy was in ruins and our government was bankrupt. The War Damage Act was passed by the U.S. Congress and $620 million was appropriated for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of the Philippines. However, it was only to take effect upon fulfillment of the following conditions: Amending of the Philippine Constitution to grant parity rights to the Americans, giving them the right to dispose, exploit, develop, and utilize our agricultural, forest, mineral, and marine resources and to operate public utilities. The 1935 Constitution gave this right only to Filipinos and to corporations that were 60% Filipino owned. Agreement to the Bell Trade Relations Act providing free trade relations for eight years between the U.S. and the Philippines until 1954 (with quota); after which, goods coming from the Philippines and the U.S. would be taxed with a 5% tariff increase until the 100% tariff would be reached in 1974. Given our situation, we had no other choice but to accept these impositions.The Issue of Independence Declared in 1946 The US fulfilled its promise of granting independence to the Philippines, as provided for in the Tydings-McDuffie Law of 1934. But we did not proclaim our independence. The U.S. colonizers proclaimed it for us. “A nation is born. Long live the Republic of the Philippines! May God bless and prosper the Filipino people, keep them safe and free,” declared High Commissioner McNutt. It was not the same for other countries: the U.S. formally declared its independence from Britain; after World War II, Asian countries like India, Indonesia, and Burma declared their independence. The question is: were we truly independent during the Philippine Republic? Economically – After the war, we were begging for financial assistance considering that our country was one of the countries in Asia most devastated by the war. Our economy was in ruins and our government was bankrupt. The War Damage Act was passed by the U.S. Congress and $620 million was appropriated for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of the Philippines. However, it was only to take effect upon fulfillment of the following conditions: Amending of the Philippine Constitution to grant parity rights to the Americans, giving them the right to dispose, exploit, develop, and utilize our agricultural, forest, mineral, and marine resources and to operate public utilities. The 1935 Constitution gave this right only to Filipinos and to corporations that were 60% Filipino owned. Agreement to the Bell Trade Relations Act providing free trade relations for eight years between the U.S. and the Philippines until 1954 (with quota); after which, goods coming from the Philippines and the U.S. would be taxed with a 5% tariff increase until the 100% tariff would be reached in 1974. Given our situation, we had no other choice but to accept these impositions.

48. Philippine Republic:  An independent nation? Conditions for US rehabilitation and reconstruction fund : Amendment of Philippine Constitution to give way to American access to our natural resources Agreement to the Bell Trade Relations Act: free trade relations for 8 years Institutionalization of foreign exploitation of our country The Issue of Independence Declared in 1946 The US fulfilled its promise of granting independence to the Philippines, as provided for in the Tydings-McDuffie Law of 1934. But we did not proclaim our independence. The U.S. colonizers proclaimed it for us. “A nation is born. Long live the Republic of the Philippines! May God bless and prosper the Filipino people, keep them safe and free,” declared High Commissioner McNutt. It was not the same for other countries: the U.S. formally declared its independence from Britain; after World War II, Asian countries like India, Indonesia, and Burma declared their independence. The question is: were we truly independent during the Philippine Republic? Economically – After the war, we were begging for financial assistance considering that our country was one of the countries in Asia most devastated by the war. Our economy was in ruins and our government was bankrupt. The War Damage Act was passed by the U.S. Congress and $620 million was appropriated for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of the Philippines. However, it was only to take effect upon fulfillment of the following conditions: Amending of the Philippine Constitution to grant parity rights to the Americans, giving them the right to dispose, exploit, develop, and utilize our agricultural, forest, mineral, and marine resources and to operate public utilities. The 1935 Constitution gave this right only to Filipinos and to corporations that were 60% Filipino owned. Agreement to the Bell Trade Relations Act providing free trade relations for eight years between the U.S. and the Philippines until 1954 (with quota); after which, goods coming from the Philippines and the U.S. would be taxed with a 5% tariff increase until the 100% tariff would be reached in 1974. Given our situation, we had no other choice but to accept these impositions.The Issue of Independence Declared in 1946 The US fulfilled its promise of granting independence to the Philippines, as provided for in the Tydings-McDuffie Law of 1934. But we did not proclaim our independence. The U.S. colonizers proclaimed it for us. “A nation is born. Long live the Republic of the Philippines! May God bless and prosper the Filipino people, keep them safe and free,” declared High Commissioner McNutt. It was not the same for other countries: the U.S. formally declared its independence from Britain; after World War II, Asian countries like India, Indonesia, and Burma declared their independence. The question is: were we truly independent during the Philippine Republic? Economically – After the war, we were begging for financial assistance considering that our country was one of the countries in Asia most devastated by the war. Our economy was in ruins and our government was bankrupt. The War Damage Act was passed by the U.S. Congress and $620 million was appropriated for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of the Philippines. However, it was only to take effect upon fulfillment of the following conditions: Amending of the Philippine Constitution to grant parity rights to the Americans, giving them the right to dispose, exploit, develop, and utilize our agricultural, forest, mineral, and marine resources and to operate public utilities. The 1935 Constitution gave this right only to Filipinos and to corporations that were 60% Filipino owned. Agreement to the Bell Trade Relations Act providing free trade relations for eight years between the U.S. and the Philippines until 1954 (with quota); after which, goods coming from the Philippines and the U.S. would be taxed with a 5% tariff increase until the 100% tariff would be reached in 1974. Given our situation, we had no other choice but to accept these impositions.

49. Philippine Republic:  An independent nation? Militarily Military Bases Agreement was signed, giving U.S. the right to an unlimited number of bases in the Philippines for 99 years final agreement reduced number of years to 25, renewable, during Marcos’ time However, since the count started in 1966, the U.S. had already gained 44 years Militarily – On March 14, 1947, the Military Bases Agreement was signed, giving the U.S. the right to an unlimited number of bases in the Philippines for 99 years as well as the enjoyment of extra-territorial rights. Initial negotiations on this Agreement were made in the 1950’s. In 1966, a final agreement was made reducing the number of years to 25. However, since the count started in 1966, the U.S. actually gained 44 years (19 years from 1947-1966, plus 25 years from 1966-1991). Militarily – On March 14, 1947, the Military Bases Agreement was signed, giving the U.S. the right to an unlimited number of bases in the Philippines for 99 years as well as the enjoyment of extra-territorial rights. Initial negotiations on this Agreement were made in the 1950’s. In 1966, a final agreement was made reducing the number of years to 25. However, since the count started in 1966, the U.S. actually gained 44 years (19 years from 1947-1966, plus 25 years from 1966-1991).

50. Philippine Republic: An Independent nation? Politically & Culturally Government remained under US dictates People remained poor Diaspora started National resources were depleted Colonial mentality was fostered Politically – Because of our economic and military relations with the U.S., the Philippine presidents during the Philippine Republic most often yielded to foreign pressure because resisting would mean risking their Malacañang positions. Note: The issue of national sovereignty is vital to the fulfillment of a nation’s destiny. A nation under foreign domination – whether economic, military, or political – will find it very difficult to pursue its destiny.Politically – Because of our economic and military relations with the U.S., the Philippine presidents during the Philippine Republic most often yielded to foreign pressure because resisting would mean risking their Malacañang positions. Note: The issue of national sovereignty is vital to the fulfillment of a nation’s destiny. A nation under foreign domination – whether economic, military, or political – will find it very difficult to pursue its destiny.

51. American taresin the Philippine Republic We developed a love for US products We had only one target market: the US American companies were our largest investors Our elite supported American interests We aped US foreign policy We adopted the American dream as our own We supplanted our bayahihan spirit with individualism American tares in the Philippine Republic We developed a love for US products We had only one target market: the US American companies were our largest investors Our elite supported American interests We aped US foreign policy We adopted the American dream as our own We supplanted our bayahihan spirit with individualism American tares in the Philippine Republic We developed a love for US products We had only one target market: the US American companies were our largest investors Our elite supported American interests We aped US foreign policy We adopted the American dream as our own We supplanted our bayahihan spirit with individualism

52. But Filipino nationalismnever really went away 1930s: Crisanto Evangelista established the Partido Komunista with help from UP students 1950s: Claro M. Recto campaigned for nationalism 1960s: anti-US demonstrations increased Youth took up struggle against one-sided economic relationship with US Resurgence of Filipino Nationalism In 1946 the slogan was “Welcome, Victory, Joe” but in 1971 the slogan was “Yankee, Go Home”. In a period of 25 years, the Filipino attitude towards the American changed drastically. What caused this changed in attitude? In the 1950s, Claro M. Recto ardently campaigned for nationalism. It was Recto who refuted the U.S. when it claimed ownership of the military bases. Recto pointed out that American ownership would impair the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the Philippines making her independence “incomplete”. In the 1960s, anti-U.S. demonstrations began to increase, mainly because of the 1964 killing of two Filipinos by American guards at Clark Air Base which brought to 32 the number of Filipinos shot dead. Many Filipino youth also became aware of the one-sided economic relationship between the Philippines and the U.S. They began to protest against any extension of the Parity Rights for the Americans which were to end in 1974. Resurgence of Filipino Nationalism In 1946 the slogan was “Welcome, Victory, Joe” but in 1971 the slogan was “Yankee, Go Home”. In a period of 25 years, the Filipino attitude towards the American changed drastically. What caused this changed in attitude? In the 1950s, Claro M. Recto ardently campaigned for nationalism. It was Recto who refuted the U.S. when it claimed ownership of the military bases. Recto pointed out that American ownership would impair the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the Philippines making her independence “incomplete”. In the 1960s, anti-U.S. demonstrations began to increase, mainly because of the 1964 killing of two Filipinos by American guards at Clark Air Base which brought to 32 the number of Filipinos shot dead. Many Filipino youth also became aware of the one-sided economic relationship between the Philippines and the U.S. They began to protest against any extension of the Parity Rights for the Americans which were to end in 1974.

53. Simultaneously,Revival in Philippine church 1948-60: 20+ new evangelical missions arrived 1960s: spiritual revival among students accompanied demos Nationalism affected the Philippine Churches Protestant churches moved for autonomy from US mother churches Catholic clergy revived Filipinization movement Liberation Theology spread

54. Martial Law to Restoration of Democracy (1972-present)

55. Martial Law Years (1972-1986) Conjugal dictatorship of the Marcoses was established Crony capitalism spread corruption and politicized military Foreign debt reached $25 billion in 1983, 70% of the population lived below the poverty line CPP-NPA and MNLF forces grew Human rights violations became rampant The Martial Law years: 1972-1986 Widespread human rights violations – an unprecedented number of political prisoners, cases of torture and salvaging Conjugal dictatorship of the Marcoses Crony capitalism, dependence on foreign creditors (IMF-WB) and investors Foreign debt reached $25 billion in 1983 and 70% of the population lived below the poverty line Growth of CPP-NPA forces and the MNLF The Martial Law years: 1972-1986 Widespread human rights violations – an unprecedented number of political prisoners, cases of torture and salvaging Conjugal dictatorship of the Marcoses Crony capitalism, dependence on foreign creditors (IMF-WB) and investors Foreign debt reached $25 billion in 1983 and 70% of the population lived below the poverty line Growth of CPP-NPA forces and the MNLF

56. Democracy Restored, Corruption Democratized(1986-1992) Reconciliation and the Cory Aquino Administration 1987 Freedom Constitution Coups, Crises and Calamities Corruption spread to the middle and lower classes Restoration of Democracy l Cory Aquino Administration (1986-1992) and her policy of reconciliation l Ratification of the 1986 Constitution l Coups and calamities (Central Luzon earthquake, July 1990; supertyphoons Ruping, November 1990 and Uring, November 1991; Mt Pinatubo eruption, June 1991) preceded the breakthroughs in many areas in the life of our nation. Restoration of Democracy l Cory Aquino Administration (1986-1992) and her policy of reconciliation l Ratification of the 1986 Constitution l Coups and calamities (Central Luzon earthquake, July 1990; supertyphoons Ruping, November 1990 and Uring, November 1991; Mt Pinatubo eruption, June 1991) preceded the breakthroughs in many areas in the life of our nation.

57. Democrary Restored(Corruption “Privatized”)(1992-present) The quest for nationhood continues EDSA People Power became source of national pride Complete territorial sovereignty was attained; political & economic sovereignty lags behind But corruption remains unabated, spreading to all sectors and classes Denominational barriers began to be broken down, leading to unity in the Body of Christ, e.g., formation of pastoral movements and large gatherings of Christians for prayer. The U.S. bases were finally dismantled after the Mt. Pinatubo eruption; although before that, the Senate had already rejected the renewal of the bases treaty. As a result, the Philippines gained complete territorial sovereignty. A split in the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) occurred, leading to its decline and fragmentation. This was in fulfillment of the Word of the Lord given in 1986 in a gathering in Manila: “The Philippines does not belong to the Communists! But I am giving this nation to the hands of the intercessors.” ********************************************************* 1992 – Release of Prophetic Words for the Philippines In the early 1990’s many visions were seen: vision of an erupting volcanic island spewing out not lava but people towards nearby countries; the understanding was that the volcanic island is the Philippines sending out multitudes of missionaries to neighboring countries vision of a burning map of the Philippines in which the burning Palawan islands moved upwards, touching the neighboring Asian countries with their fire; the word was that the Philippines would be a “Light to Asia and then to the World” In 1992, during the 3rd National Prayer Gathering of the Intercessors for the Philippines (IFP), the following Word was given: “This day as you have asked for and released forgiveness, I have turned your captivity. You’re no more an adopted daughter in the eyes of your Father. I have adopted you with full rights of sonship. And I have grafted you in as my light. And the beacon and the light and the anointing that I have given to America I now give to you.” Three months after, another prophetic word was released. Part of the prophetic word reads as follows: “The Lord would say, I have chosen you to be a spearhead into all Southeast Asia. In earlier years My desire was to use lands to the north of you to reach these nations. Because of their pride and their materialism, they have been pre-occupied with their own land. I have not chosen you to be My spear because of your wealth or success, but because of your sense of need and your dependence on Me. I have ordained that this nation and Manila, in particular, would be the doorway of the gospel into Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and Burma. Other nations will be touched, but this is where your concentration shall be. You will share this ministry with other nations but you will be my main thrust… As the Lord was showing me these things, I saw a center of light in the region of Manila, but it really covered all of the Philippines. Shafts of light flashed into the nations of Southeast Asia. It was then the Lord spoke clearly and said to me, “Truly, now is this land, ‘The land of the Rising Son.’ ” Denominational barriers began to be broken down, leading to unity in the Body of Christ, e.g., formation of pastoral movements and large gatherings of Christians for prayer. The U.S. bases were finally dismantled after the Mt. Pinatubo eruption; although before that, the Senate had already rejected the renewal of the bases treaty. As a result, the Philippines gained complete territorial sovereignty. A split in the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) occurred, leading to its decline and fragmentation. This was in fulfillment of the Word of the Lord given in 1986 in a gathering in Manila: “The Philippines does not belong to the Communists! But I am giving this nation to the hands of the intercessors.” ********************************************************* 1992 – Release of Prophetic Words for the Philippines In the early 1990’s many visions were seen: vision of an erupting volcanic island spewing out not lava but people towards nearby countries; the understanding was that the volcanic island is the Philippines sending out multitudes of missionaries to neighboring countries vision of a burning map of the Philippines in which the burning Palawan islands moved upwards, touching the neighboring Asian countries with their fire; the word was that the Philippines would be a “Light to Asia and then to the World” In 1992, during the 3rd National Prayer Gathering of the Intercessors for the Philippines (IFP), the following Word was given: “This day as you have asked for and released forgiveness, I have turned your captivity. You’re no more an adopted daughter in the eyes of your Father. I have adopted you with full rights of sonship. And I have grafted you in as my light. And the beacon and the light and the anointing that I have given to America I now give to you.” Three months after, another prophetic word was released. Part of the prophetic word reads as follows: “The Lord would say, I have chosen you to be a spearhead into all Southeast Asia. In earlier years My desire was to use lands to the north of you to reach these nations. Because of their pride and their materialism, they have been pre-occupied with their own land. I have not chosen you to be My spear because of your wealth or success, but because of your sense of need and your dependence on Me. I have ordained that this nation and Manila, in particular, would be the doorway of the gospel into Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and Burma. Other nations will be touched, but this is where your concentration shall be. You will share this ministry with other nations but you will be my main thrust… As the Lord was showing me these things, I saw a center of light in the region of Manila, but it really covered all of the Philippines. Shafts of light flashed into the nations of Southeast Asia. It was then the Lord spoke clearly and said to me, “Truly, now is this land, ‘The land of the Rising Son.’ ”

58. 1991— the Year of Breakthrough Philippine Senate rejects the renewal of bases treaty U.S. bases finally dismantled after the Mt. Pinatubo eruption Split in Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) occurs Unity among born-again Churches seen Catholic charismatic communities arise Denominational barriers began to be broken down, leading to unity in the Body of Christ, e.g., formation of pastoral movements and large gatherings of Christians for prayer. The U.S. bases were finally dismantled after the Mt. Pinatubo eruption; although before that, the Senate had already rejected the renewal of the bases treaty. As a result, the Philippines gained complete territorial sovereignty. A split in the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) occurred, leading to its decline and fragmentation. This was in fulfillment of the Word of the Lord given in 1986 in a gathering in Manila: “The Philippines does not belong to the Communists! But I am giving this nation to the hands of the intercessors.” ********************************************************* 1992 – Release of Prophetic Words for the Philippines In the early 1990’s many visions were seen: vision of an erupting volcanic island spewing out not lava but people towards nearby countries; the understanding was that the volcanic island is the Philippines sending out multitudes of missionaries to neighboring countries vision of a burning map of the Philippines in which the burning Palawan islands moved upwards, touching the neighboring Asian countries with their fire; the word was that the Philippines would be a “Light to Asia and then to the World” In 1992, during the 3rd National Prayer Gathering of the Intercessors for the Philippines (IFP), the following Word was given: “This day as you have asked for and released forgiveness, I have turned your captivity. You’re no more an adopted daughter in the eyes of your Father. I have adopted you with full rights of sonship. And I have grafted you in as my light. And the beacon and the light and the anointing that I have given to America I now give to you.” Three months after, another prophetic word was released. Part of the prophetic word reads as follows: “The Lord would say, I have chosen you to be a spearhead into all Southeast Asia. In earlier years My desire was to use lands to the north of you to reach these nations. Because of their pride and their materialism, they have been pre-occupied with their own land. I have not chosen you to be My spear because of your wealth or success, but because of your sense of need and your dependence on Me. I have ordained that this nation and Manila, in particular, would be the doorway of the gospel into Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and Burma. Other nations will be touched, but this is where your concentration shall be. You will share this ministry with other nations but you will be my main thrust… As the Lord was showing me these things, I saw a center of light in the region of Manila, but it really covered all of the Philippines. Shafts of light flashed into the nations of Southeast Asia. It was then the Lord spoke clearly and said to me, “Truly, now is this land, ‘The land of the Rising Son.’ ” Denominational barriers began to be broken down, leading to unity in the Body of Christ, e.g., formation of pastoral movements and large gatherings of Christians for prayer. The U.S. bases were finally dismantled after the Mt. Pinatubo eruption; although before that, the Senate had already rejected the renewal of the bases treaty. As a result, the Philippines gained complete territorial sovereignty. A split in the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) occurred, leading to its decline and fragmentation. This was in fulfillment of the Word of the Lord given in 1986 in a gathering in Manila: “The Philippines does not belong to the Communists! But I am giving this nation to the hands of the intercessors.” ********************************************************* 1992 – Release of Prophetic Words for the Philippines In the early 1990’s many visions were seen: vision of an erupting volcanic island spewing out not lava but people towards nearby countries; the understanding was that the volcanic island is the Philippines sending out multitudes of missionaries to neighboring countries vision of a burning map of the Philippines in which the burning Palawan islands moved upwards, touching the neighboring Asian countries with their fire; the word was that the Philippines would be a “Light to Asia and then to the World” In 1992, during the 3rd National Prayer Gathering of the Intercessors for the Philippines (IFP), the following Word was given: “This day as you have asked for and released forgiveness, I have turned your captivity. You’re no more an adopted daughter in the eyes of your Father. I have adopted you with full rights of sonship. And I have grafted you in as my light. And the beacon and the light and the anointing that I have given to America I now give to you.” Three months after, another prophetic word was released. Part of the prophetic word reads as follows: “The Lord would say, I have chosen you to be a spearhead into all Southeast Asia. In earlier years My desire was to use lands to the north of you to reach these nations. Because of their pride and their materialism, they have been pre-occupied with their own land. I have not chosen you to be My spear because of your wealth or success, but because of your sense of need and your dependence on Me. I have ordained that this nation and Manila, in particular, would be the doorway of the gospel into Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and Burma. Other nations will be touched, but this is where your concentration shall be. You will share this ministry with other nations but you will be my main thrust… As the Lord was showing me these things, I saw a center of light in the region of Manila, but it really covered all of the Philippines. Shafts of light flashed into the nations of Southeast Asia. It was then the Lord spoke clearly and said to me, “Truly, now is this land, ‘The land of the Rising Son.’ ”

59. Corruption and lawlessnesson the rise This is how we can describe our situation today. Aren’t these tares planted by the enemy— To thwart God’s plan for the nation? Isn’t it our duty to bind these tares and burn them? Corruption and lawlessness on the rise This is how we can describe our situation today. Aren’t these tares planted by the enemy— To thwart God’s plan for the nation? Isn’t it our duty to bind these tares and burn them? Corruption and lawlessness on the rise This is how we can describe our situation today. Aren’t these tares planted by the enemy— To thwart God’s plan for the nation? Isn’t it our duty to bind these tares and burn them?

60. Our Journey Towards National Transformation (PART II)

61. Love of Country: The main quality of a Filipino Christian Without a deep love for our country, we cannot serve God’s purpose for our nation. Love of country will cause us to overcome every obstacle, every hindrance and every opposing force to the fulfillment of God’s purpose for our nation. Love of Country: The main quality of a Filipino Christian who will effectively serve God’s purpose for his nation It would be very difficult for us to serve God’s purpose for our nation if we do not have a deep love for our country. Because it is the love for this country that will cause us to overcome every obstacle, every hindrance and every opposing force to the fulfilment of God’s purposes for our nation.Love of Country: The main quality of a Filipino Christian who will effectively serve God’s purpose for his nation It would be very difficult for us to serve God’s purpose for our nation if we do not have a deep love for our country. Because it is the love for this country that will cause us to overcome every obstacle, every hindrance and every opposing force to the fulfilment of God’s purposes for our nation.

62. Love of Country: The main quality of a Filipino Christian “This is how we know what love is: Jesus Christ laid down his life for us. And we ought to lay down our lives for our brothers.” (1 John 3:16). Looking after the interests of others, not only our own: sharing our resources, skills, abilities and talents for the good of the Filipino people, Willingly giving ourselves—our very lives—for this generation and for the next generation. This is love of country: “This is how we know what love is: Jesus Christ laid down his life for us. And we ought to lay down our lives for our brothers.” (1 John 3:16). We ought to lay down our lives for our countrymen. We ought to lay down our lives for the 80 million Filipinos. To lay down our lives for the Filipino people is to live not for ourselves but for our countrymen. To lay down our lives for the Filipino people is to look not only to our own interests, but also to the interests of the Filipino people. To lay down our lives for the Filipino people is to share our resources, skills, abilities and talents for the good of the Filipino people. To lay down our lives for the Filipino people is to willingly give ourself - our very life for this generation and for the next generation of Filipinos.This is love of country: “This is how we know what love is: Jesus Christ laid down his life for us. And we ought to lay down our lives for our brothers.” (1 John 3:16). We ought to lay down our lives for our countrymen. We ought to lay down our lives for the 80 million Filipinos. To lay down our lives for the Filipino people is to live not for ourselves but for our countrymen. To lay down our lives for the Filipino people is to look not only to our own interests, but also to the interests of the Filipino people. To lay down our lives for the Filipino people is to share our resources, skills, abilities and talents for the good of the Filipino people. To lay down our lives for the Filipino people is to willingly give ourself - our very life for this generation and for the next generation of Filipinos.

63. Partnership between Godand the Filipino people Jesus and the Raising up of Lazarus(John 11:38-44) Jesus, though supernaturally capable of moving the stone, asked the people to move it Jesus, though supernaturally capable of removing the burial clothes, asked the people to remove it themselves In the same way, God is asking us to actively participate in the miracle He will do for our country– that of raising up the “Archipelago de San Lazaro” John 11:38-44 38Then Jesus, again groaning in Himself, came to the tomb. It was a cave, and a stone lay against it. 39Jesus said, "Take away the stone." Martha, the sister of him who was dead, said to Him, "Lord, by this time there is a stench, for he has been dead four days.“ 40Jesus said to her, "Did I not say to you that if you would believe you would see the glory of God?“ 41Then they took away the stone from the place where the dead man was lying. And Jesus lifted up His eyes and said, "Father, I thank You that You have heard Me. 42"And I know that You always hear Me, but because of the people who are standing by I said this, that they may believe that You sent Me.“ 43Now when He had said these things, He cried with a loud voice, "Lazarus, come forth!“ 44And he who had died came out bound hand and foot with graveclothes, and his face was wrapped with a cloth. Jesus said to them, "Loose him, and let him go."John 11:38-44 38Then Jesus, again groaning in Himself, came to the tomb. It was a cave, and a stone lay against it. 39Jesus said, "Take away the stone." Martha, the sister of him who was dead, said to Him, "Lord, by this time there is a stench, for he has been dead four days.“ 40Jesus said to her, "Did I not say to you that if you would believe you would see the glory of God?“ 41Then they took away the stone from the place where the dead man was lying. And Jesus lifted up His eyes and said, "Father, I thank You that You have heard Me. 42"And I know that You always hear Me, but because of the people who are standing by I said this, that they may believe that You sent Me.“ 43Now when He had said these things, He cried with a loud voice, "Lazarus, come forth!“ 44And he who had died came out bound hand and foot with graveclothes, and his face was wrapped with a cloth. Jesus said to them, "Loose him, and let him go."

64. The Urgency of the Situation: The Urgency of the Situation: “ The nation today is facing a critical crossroad towards its destiny. Will it be destruction or deliverance? Will it be judgement or mercy? The nation hangs in a precarious balance” IFP Philippine Prayer Alert October-November 2003 So I ask[ed] the Lord…and He said the Philippines is at Kadesh Barnea. They are facing their Jordan, when Numbers 13 said, “I want you to go in and possess the land.” Now they had two choices: Go in, fight the giants, go to war against the Ites of Canaan that God had told them [He had given to them, and will fight with them]. And God said, “But if you don’t go in, there is another situation.” Sad to say the children of Israel did not choose to go to war against the Ites and possess their promised Canaan Land. And God said, “Because you wouldn’t believe Me, because you would not trust Me, now you’re going to wander in the wilderness for the next 38 years until all of these men of this age have died and moved off!” Prophecy of Bill Hamon JIL 25th Anniversary Celebration 5 Oct 2003 We are ready to go in And fight the Ites of Canaan—The evil forces that beset our nation—So that we may possess the landAccording to God’s promise. The Urgency of the Situation: “ The nation today is facing a critical crossroad towards its destiny. Will it be destruction or deliverance? Will it be judgement or mercy? The nation hangs in a precarious balance” IFP Philippine Prayer Alert October-November 2003 So I ask[ed] the Lord…and He said the Philippines is at Kadesh Barnea. They are facing their Jordan, when Numbers 13 said, “I want you to go in and possess the land.” Now they had two choices: Go in, fight the giants, go to war against the Ites of Canaan that God had told them [He had given to them, and will fight with them]. And God said, “But if you don’t go in, there is another situation.” Sad to say the children of Israel did not choose to go to war against the Ites and possess their promised Canaan Land. And God said, “Because you wouldn’t believe Me, because you would not trust Me, now you’re going to wander in the wilderness for the next 38 years until all of these men of this age have died and moved off!” Prophecy of Bill Hamon JIL 25th Anniversary Celebration 5 Oct 2003 We are ready to go in And fight the Ites of Canaan—The evil forces that beset our nation—So that we may possess the landAccording to God’s promise.

65. Generating a National Movement for Righteousness and Transformation(N-MRT) The movement that we want to generate is a National Movement for Righteousness and Transformation (N-MRT)

66. Character of the N-MRT It has to be nationwide. It has to be a force meant to goad the population towards righteousness in the eyes of God. It will impel Philippine society towards social transformation for the fulfillment of God’s purposes for the nation.

67. Character of the N-MRT It is the National MRT, traversing the nation, providing spiritual transport for God’s plan for the Filipino nation, cutting through the moral and spiritual congestion that besets the land.

68. Our Clarion Call “Righteousness exalts a nation, but sin is a DISGRACE to any people.” Prov 14:34 2Chron 7:13-14 13 "When I shut up heaven and there is no rain, or command the locusts to devour the land, or send pestilence among My people, 14 "if My people who are called by My name will humble themselves, and pray and seek My face, and turn from their wicked ways, then I will hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin and heal their land.2Chron 7:13-14 13 "When I shut up heaven and there is no rain, or command the locusts to devour the land, or send pestilence among My people, 14 "if My people who are called by My name will humble themselves, and pray and seek My face, and turn from their wicked ways, then I will hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin and heal their land.

69. Our Vision

70. Our Mission

71. Our Two-Fold Strategy: Prayer in Action, Action in Prayer Our Two-Fold Strategy: Prayer and Action: A National Movement for Righteousness and Transformation (N-MRT) centered on prayer rallies that: unite the Body of Christ, are visible to the general public, are sustained, escalate from church level to the national level, and advance specific prayers asking for palpable answers from God at each phase. As God’s people gather in prayer, the Lord Jesus Christ will give instructions and guidance on how and what actions should be undertaken so that: every yoke of oppression will be broken; this nation will be built in righteousness; every aspect of Philippine society will be transformed.Our Two-Fold Strategy: Prayer and Action: A National Movement for Righteousness and Transformation (N-MRT) centered on prayer rallies that: unite the Body of Christ, are visible to the general public, are sustained, escalate from church level to the national level, and advance specific prayers asking for palpable answers from God at each phase. As God’s people gather in prayer, the Lord Jesus Christ will give instructions and guidance on how and what actions should be undertaken so that: every yoke of oppression will be broken; this nation will be built in righteousness; every aspect of Philippine society will be transformed.

72. Our Movement Our Organization The force at the core moving our cause forward is Jesus Christ. The embodiment of Jesus Christ’s purposes on earth is the Body of Christ. This includes all churches and individuals who believe that Jesus Christ is their Lord and Savior. We rely on the Body of Christ, therefore, to be the core of The National Movement for Righteousness and Transformation (N-MRT). To concretize this core, we are putting up a Coalition of Christian Forces that we will call DIYOS KO , BAYAN KO!. These are Christian organizations, mainly youth organizations, which accept that love of Jesus translates concretely as love of country chosen, hinirang, by God to be a Light to the World. As of now, we have set up a Provisional Coordinating Committee with Media, Campaign, and Finance Staff Committees and Youth, Professional and Business Line Committees under it. The Coalition of Christian Forces, DIYOS KO, BAYAN KO!, that will be established through the groundwork of its Provisional Coordinating Committee, will represent the force at the core moving our cause forward. It will, however, aim to draw into its locus all righteous forces in the land, thereby pooling the resources of the best in the population towards the spiritual battle against evils stalking the land.Our Organization The force at the core moving our cause forward is Jesus Christ. The embodiment of Jesus Christ’s purposes on earth is the Body of Christ. This includes all churches and individuals who believe that Jesus Christ is their Lord and Savior. We rely on the Body of Christ, therefore, to be the core of The National Movement for Righteousness and Transformation (N-MRT). To concretize this core, we are putting up a Coalition of Christian Forces that we will call DIYOS KO , BAYAN KO!. These are Christian organizations, mainly youth organizations, which accept that love of Jesus translates concretely as love of country chosen, hinirang, by God to be a Light to the World. As of now, we have set up a Provisional Coordinating Committee with Media, Campaign, and Finance Staff Committees and Youth, Professional and Business Line Committees under it. The Coalition of Christian Forces, DIYOS KO, BAYAN KO!, that will be established through the groundwork of its Provisional Coordinating Committee, will represent the force at the core moving our cause forward. It will, however, aim to draw into its locus all righteous forces in the land, thereby pooling the resources of the best in the population towards the spiritual battle against evils stalking the land.

73. Our Movement Our Organization The force at the core moving our cause forward is Jesus Christ. The embodiment of Jesus Christ’s purposes on earth is the Body of Christ. This includes all churches and individuals who believe that Jesus Christ is their Lord and Savior. We rely on the Body of Christ, therefore, to be the core of The National Movement for Righteousness and Transformation (N-MRT). To concretize this core, we are putting up a Coalition of Christian Forces that we will call DIYOS KO , BAYAN KO!. These are Christian organizations, mainly youth organizations, which accept that love of Jesus translates concretely as love of country chosen, hinirang, by God to be a Light to the World. As of now, we have set up a Provisional Coordinating Committee with Media, Campaign, and Finance Staff Committees and Youth, Professional and Business Line Committees under it. The Coalition of Christian Forces, DIYOS KO, BAYAN KO!, that will be established through the groundwork of its Provisional Coordinating Committee, will represent the force at the core moving our cause forward. It will, however, aim to draw into its locus all righteous forces in the land, thereby pooling the resources of the best in the population towards the spiritual battle against evils stalking the land.Our Organization The force at the core moving our cause forward is Jesus Christ. The embodiment of Jesus Christ’s purposes on earth is the Body of Christ. This includes all churches and individuals who believe that Jesus Christ is their Lord and Savior. We rely on the Body of Christ, therefore, to be the core of The National Movement for Righteousness and Transformation (N-MRT). To concretize this core, we are putting up a Coalition of Christian Forces that we will call DIYOS KO , BAYAN KO!. These are Christian organizations, mainly youth organizations, which accept that love of Jesus translates concretely as love of country chosen, hinirang, by God to be a Light to the World. As of now, we have set up a Provisional Coordinating Committee with Media, Campaign, and Finance Staff Committees and Youth, Professional and Business Line Committees under it. The Coalition of Christian Forces, DIYOS KO, BAYAN KO!, that will be established through the groundwork of its Provisional Coordinating Committee, will represent the force at the core moving our cause forward. It will, however, aim to draw into its locus all righteous forces in the land, thereby pooling the resources of the best in the population towards the spiritual battle against evils stalking the land.

74. Our Movement Our Organization The force at the core moving our cause forward is Jesus Christ. The embodiment of Jesus Christ’s purposes on earth is the Body of Christ. This includes all churches and individuals who believe that Jesus Christ is their Lord and Savior. We rely on the Body of Christ, therefore, to be the core of The National Movement for Righteousness and Transformation (N-MRT). To concretize this core, we are putting up a Coalition of Christian Forces that we will call DIYOS KO , BAYAN KO!. These are Christian organizations, mainly youth organizations, which accept that love of Jesus translates concretely as love of country chosen, hinirang, by God to be a Light to the World. As of now, we have set up a Provisional Coordinating Committee with Media, Campaign, and Finance Staff Committees and Youth, Professional and Business Line Committees under it. The Coalition of Christian Forces, DIYOS KO, BAYAN KO!, that will be established through the groundwork of its Provisional Coordinating Committee, will represent the force at the core moving our cause forward. It will, however, aim to draw into its locus all righteous forces in the land, thereby pooling the resources of the best in the population towards the spiritual battle against evils stalking the land.Our Organization The force at the core moving our cause forward is Jesus Christ. The embodiment of Jesus Christ’s purposes on earth is the Body of Christ. This includes all churches and individuals who believe that Jesus Christ is their Lord and Savior. We rely on the Body of Christ, therefore, to be the core of The National Movement for Righteousness and Transformation (N-MRT). To concretize this core, we are putting up a Coalition of Christian Forces that we will call DIYOS KO , BAYAN KO!. These are Christian organizations, mainly youth organizations, which accept that love of Jesus translates concretely as love of country chosen, hinirang, by God to be a Light to the World. As of now, we have set up a Provisional Coordinating Committee with Media, Campaign, and Finance Staff Committees and Youth, Professional and Business Line Committees under it. The Coalition of Christian Forces, DIYOS KO, BAYAN KO!, that will be established through the groundwork of its Provisional Coordinating Committee, will represent the force at the core moving our cause forward. It will, however, aim to draw into its locus all righteous forces in the land, thereby pooling the resources of the best in the population towards the spiritual battle against evils stalking the land.

75. Jesus is the force at the core leading our cause forward. As we allow Jesus to lead us in prayer and action, the Coalition of Christian Forces will grow. We will reap a harvest for the Lord! As our Coalition reaches out to other righteous groups, these groups will be encouraged to reach out to all sections of the populace. They too will grow in numbers. As we pray and act together with other righteous groups, righteousness and the urge for national transformation will pervade the land.Jesus is the force at the core leading our cause forward. As we allow Jesus to lead us in prayer and action, the Coalition of Christian Forces will grow. We will reap a harvest for the Lord! As our Coalition reaches out to other righteous groups, these groups will be encouraged to reach out to all sections of the populace. They too will grow in numbers. As we pray and act together with other righteous groups, righteousness and the urge for national transformation will pervade the land.