Unit Four: H ow the Food System Feeds Us

1. Unit Four:How the Food System Feeds Us HFA 4U/C

2. Complete the guided study package questions and all activities as you complete this powerpoint. Guided Study

3. To identify the health and economic consequences of the main macro/micro nutrient deficiencies in Canada, and throughout the world • To define and explain the what is meant by the term food security • To identify the major factors that affect food security, and analyze how they impact global health and wellness. Unit Four Learning Goals

4. Farmers • Fishers • Ranchers • Harvesters • From all over the world work to bring from the field to the table. • A supermarket may contribute to the processing, transformation and transportation of foods before a consumer makes a food choice. Contributors

5. The term food system describes the series of independent links involved in producing and consuming food; including the people and resources in bringing the food to us. Food System

6. Apple’s are the most important fruit crop in Canada • Its is the 4th most important fruit crop world wide • Apple growing began 8000 years ago in South Western Asia • Over the years apple have spread to temperate zones • French settlers brought apples to Nova Scotia as early as 1606 – the apple cultivation spread inland and now every province grows apples. • Complete the reading and answer the two associated questions: • Focusing on a the mind map task  Apples The Most Important Fruit in Canada

7. Types of Apples: Gala Red Delicious Golden Delicious Granny Smith Fuji Macintosh How Apples are Grown: Orchards Greenhouses My Mind Map How Apples get to the Store: Transport/Ship Imports Exports Labour Uses of Apples: Sauce Pie Tarts Fresh Fruit Salad Apple Chips

8. Research Questions are the foundation for a process of inquiry. • They seek information that is important to you or others. • Well phrased research questions help to narrow down your scope of research making it easier to find information pertaining to your topic. • Examples of Factual Questions: (seeking general info. Or definitions, usually one definitive answer) • Where does food come from? How far does it travel? • Examples of Interpretive Questions: (explores meanings, experiences, and there are a variety of opinions) • What is farming like for women? • What does local mean when referring to food? • Examples of Evaluative Questions: ( prompt you to analyze an issue and then make a judgment or decision) • How effective is the distance food travelled as an indicator of environmental impact? Formulating Research Questions:

9. Complete the handout on research questions Research Question Activity

10. On land the type of food a region can produce is dependent on the natural physical features found on the surface of the earth – these are known as landforms. • Valley bottoms, plains, plateaus, hills, etc. each lend themselves to different types of plants, vegetation and animals. • Latitude & Altitude and nearby water bodies contribute to the currents and affect area climate. • Other conditions such as types of soil, hours of daylight, and how much the temperature changes with the seasons also helps to determine what foods can be grown successfully. • Technological innovations over thousands of years of farming have also played a large role in making food available to us. • Wild species have been bred and harvested to become more plentiful or useful to us. How Does the Earth Feed Us?

11. Approximately 12, 000 years ago people moved away from the hunter-gather lifestyle towards domesticating animals and crops for cultivation and food sources allowing people to stay in one place. • Permanent settlements were established often along the banks of a river where the soil was fertile and water was easily accessible. • Over time people grew dependent on cultivated plants and animals. • The earliest farmers practiced subsistence farming: growing food to feed oneself; rather than to sell for profit. • Voyages such as that of Christopher Columbus in 1492 initiated the wide spread exchange of plants and animals – this is now known as the Columbian Exchange. • This exchange resulted in new foods being available to people around the world Historical Perspectives on Food

12. Read the article and answer the associated questions. Columbian Exchange

13. Farm technology such as the plough began an Agricultural Revolution in the 18th century • The Industrial Revolution introduced steam power, which allowed for the development of many new tools and techniques for agriculture. Also encouraging people to move away from farms and into cities thus increasing the need for Commercial Agriculture. • Commercial Agriculture being the process of growing food for profit and for sale. • Improved methods of transportation in the 19th century such as steamboats and the steam locomotive – allowing farmers to ship large amounts of produce to people in geographically distant areas. • In the 20th century complex machinery for was invented for planting, ploughing, and harvesting, allowing farms to grow with this mechanization contributing to the control of agriculture by large multimillion dollar corporations • Due to the expenses associated with these new farming techniques required large well financed corporations. • As a result many industries along the supply chain, such as seed suppliers, fertilizers, and pesticide manufacturers, food processors, supermarkets, and even fast food chains have come under the control of corporations. Technological Advances in History

14. The Welland Canal in the Niagara Region: • The St Lawrence River and the five Great Lakes constitute the greatest inland waterway in the world. From the Atlantic Ocean it extends 3700 kilometers (2300) into the very heart of North America, forming a vital commercial shipping route.The only problem, a major obstacle called Niagara Falls prevents ships from sailing between Lakes Erie and Ontario. The solution: the Welland Canal, by-passing the Falls and lifting vessels over the Niagara Escarpment. • http://www.thoroldtourism.ca/canal.html • http://www.greatlakes-seaway.com/en/ • http://www.greatlakes-seaway.com/R2/jsp/R2.jsp?language=E&loc=VT00.jsp • Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uhKlOW0-WoQ A local example

15. In the 1900’s WladimirKoppendeveloped the mostly widely used system for classification of climates. • He observed vegetation, and studied temperature and precipitation to see how this data affected the vegetation • The following are the five climate groups: each climate type is suitable for different crops. • Tropical Climate: includes wet (rainforest) monsoon and wet and dry climate types. • Dry Climate: High day time temperatures and cool nights; includes arid (dry) and semi arid climate types. • Mild Climate: includes Mediterranean, humid subtropical and marine climate types. • Continental Climate: Includes warm summers, cool winters and subarctic or boreal climate types. • Polar Climate: Includes tundra and ice cap climate types. Earth’s Diverse Climates

16. North America: Commercial fishing, ranching (lots) and livestock, mixed farming (lots) (fruits, vegetables, dairy and cash crops), forest and tundra and mountains, cereal crops. • South America: Commercial fishing (lots), ranching and livestock (huge amounts), mixed farming (little/moderate amounts), forest, tundra and mountains, staple foods (large amounts) ( potatoes, yams, millets, barley etc.). • Africa: Nomadic Herding (lots), staple foods (lots), some tundra, forest and mountains, ranching and livestock (moderate), mixed farming (very little). • Europe: Mixed Farming (lots), Commercial fishing (some), Cereal crops (some), some tundra, forest and mountains, staple crops (very little) • Asia: Ranching and Livestock (lots), Cereal crops (some), Mixed farming (moderate), Nomadic herding (moderate), little tundra, forest or mountains, Rice crops (lots), Commercial fishing (lots), staple crops (moderate), • Australia: Ranching and livestock (lots), moderate tundra, forest and mountains, mixed farming (moderate) Major Global Agricultural Regions

17. Canadians enjoy foods that are imported from approximately 200 countries. With continued improvements in transportation and processing foods are able to travel more easily. • The major imports in Canada are: • Beverages, spirits, vinegar • Fruits, nuts and vegetables • Certain roots and tubers • Meat and edibles meat entrails/organs • Preparations of fruits, vegetables, and nuts • Coffee, tea, mate and spices • Fish and crustaceans • Prepared meat (excluding fish) • Sugars and sugar confectionary • Cocoa and cocoa preparations • **Most of the food Canada imports comes from United States (58%), Mexico (3.9%), China (3.1%), Brazil (2.7%), and other countries (21.1%) Canada Imports