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Did you know? We have 10 times more bacteria cells in our bodies than human cells.

Did you know? We have 10 times more bacteria cells in our bodies than human cells. Immune System. Purpose: to protect our bodies from infection and pathogens Pathogens: Disease-causing agents. Immune System. Our body has several types of defenses against pathogens. Types of Pathogens.

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Did you know? We have 10 times more bacteria cells in our bodies than human cells.

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  1. Did you know? We have 10 times more bacteria cells in our bodies than human cells.

  2. Immune System • Purpose: to protect our bodies from infection and pathogens • Pathogens: Disease-causing agents

  3. Immune System • Our body has several types of defenses against pathogens

  4. Types of Pathogens • Travel with your table to 4 stations around the room • Take notes in the provided graphic organizer • Bacteria • Viruses • Parasites • Fungi

  5. Bacteria • Single-celled organisms • Release chemicals that are toxic to the host which destroys healthy body cells • Examples: food poisoning, tuberculosis, syphilis

  6. Viruses • Strands of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat • Take over a healthy cell and cause it to produce more viruses • Examples: HIV, flu, herpes

  7. Fungi • Multi-cellular organisms (except for yeast) • Pierce healthy cells and take the cell’s nutrients • Examples: Athlete’s foot, pneumonia

  8. Parasites • Organisms that grow and feed on their host • Some kill while others drain the body’s resources • Examples: Tapeworms, Malaria, Scabies

  9. How Your Body Protects Itself • Skin • Protective layer for organs • Secretes sweat, making it acidic and harmful for pathogens • Mucous membranes • Lines all openings in the body (eyes, nose, mouth, ears, etc.) • Traps pathogens in cilia (tiny hair like structures) before they enter the body

  10. How Your Body Fights Back • White blood cells: Find and kill pathogens that have made it past the skin and mucous membranes • Phagocytes: engulf pathogens to destroy them • T cells: destroy body cells already infected with the pathogen • B cells: produce proteins that inactivate pathogens that have yet to infect other cells

  11. How Your Body Fights Back • Proteins • Antibody: Proteins made by B cells that attack pathogens in action • Immunity: Failure to get sick in the presence of a pathogen • Passive: occurs by immunity being passed down from mother to child • Active: happens after body has successfully responded to a pathogen before

  12. How Your Body Responds • Occurs when pathogen enters the body or tissue gets damaged • Inflammation • Body rushes blood to the site to provide WBC’s • Results in swelling, redness, pain, itching and increased warmth at the site

  13. Overreactions of the Immune System • Allergy: An oversensitivity to a harmless antigen • Autoimmune disease: Immune system cannot tell the difference between healthy and unhealthy body cells • Examples: Type 1 Diabetes, Multiple Sclerosis

  14. How Your Body Responds • Fever • Chemicals are released to increase body temperature, which helps WBC’s mature faster • High fevers are dangerous because they denature enzymes that are vital to the body

  15. Medication • Antibiotics • Target bacteria or fungi and keep them from growing or reproducing • Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria mutate so that they are no longer affected by antibiotics

  16. Medication • Vaccines • Substance that contains the antigen (antibody producer) of a pathogen • Body produces necessary defenses without getting sick

  17. HIV/AIDS • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-7CdQOuc3vQ

  18. HIV • Read the back of your graphic organizer

  19. AIDS • Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

  20. The Difference • HIV is a virus • AIDS is the final result of HIV

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