1 / 39

Types of selection

Types of selection. Cyclical environment. Environmental state 1 (summer). Environmental state 2 (winter). Directional. Stabilizing. Disruptive. Interaction between species. Host-parasite case. Mutualistic case. constant fertility selection. Simulation. Frequency depended selection.

saber
Download Presentation

Types of selection

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Types of selection Cyclical environment Environmental state 1 (summer) Environmental state 2 (winter) Directional Stabilizing Disruptive Interaction between species Host-parasite case Mutualistic case

  2. constant fertility selection

  3. Simulation

  4. Frequency depended selection Simple lest case of frequency dependence: haploid selection

  5. Mean fitness is not maximize at this is stable le point Simulation

  6. Diploid frequency-dependent selection Simulation

  7. Deterministic chaos

  8. In 1976 Sir Robert May, then a professor of biology at Princeton, pointed out that the logistic map led to chaotic dynamics. The logistic mapping g is defined by xn+1 = g(xn) =  rxn(1 - xn).

  9. Why Chaos?

  10. simulation

  11. An bifurcation diagram

  12. What is deterministic chaos? Lyapunov's exponents: Chaotic divergence of the trajectories, started in closed points Non-chaotic

  13. Lorenz Attractor Tamari Attractor

  14. KAM (Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser) attractor

  15. Fractal-geometrical chaos

  16. Fractals in Nature

  17. Mandelbroth set z = z^2 + cc [-2;0,25]

  18. Notocactus-Magnificus

  19. Chaos in Weather Chaos in Weather

  20. Fractals reproducing realistic shapes, such as mountains, clouds, or plants, can be generated by the iteration of one or more affine transformations. An affine transformation is a recursive transformation of the type • Each affine transformation will generally yield a new attractor in the final image. The form of the attractor is given through the choice of the coefficients a, b, c, d, e, and f, which uniquely determine the affine transformation. To get a desire shape, the collage of several attractors may be used (i.e. several affine transformations). This method is referred to as an Iterated Function System (IFS). • An example of an iterated function system is the black spleenwort fern. It is constructed through the use of four affine transformations (with weighted probabilities):

  21. Inbreeding • Non-random mating (between related individuals) • Leads to correlation between genotypes of mates • Frequencies are no longer products of allele frequencies • Leads to reduction in heterozygosity (measured by F) • Can rederive evolutionary equations using these new genotype frequencies AA Aa aa p2 + pqF 2pq - 2pqF q2 + pqF

More Related