Nanocrystal Solar Cell NanoPaint ™ for Solar Car

1. Nanocrystal Solar CellNanoPaint™ for Solar Car Sarah Swisher, Huai-Yuan Michael Tseng, Kyle Braam

2. Outline • Motivation: the Global Energy Crisis • Review current PV technology • Inorganic Nanocrystalsolar cell • Benefits • Research results • Future potential • NanoPaint™ for charging electric vehicles

3. Global Energy Issues • Limited supply of fossil fuels • Energy security • Political instability • Economics • Environmental: CO2, global warming, pollution • …. all this combined with an increasing population!

5. Solar energy that strikes the earth’s surface per hour: 4.3 x 1020 J World energy consumption in one year: 4.1 x 1020 J

6. Solar Cell Operation

7. Figures of Merit • Open circuit voltage, VOC • Short circuit current, ISC • Energy conversion efficiency, η • Thermodynamic efficiency limit • Quantum efficiency, EQE and IQE • Maximum power point, PMAX • Fill Factor, FF

8. PV Progress in Research Courtesy of L.L. Kazmerski, NREL

10. Technology Details Nanocrystal Solar Cell

11. 1P(e) 1S(e) Eg What are nanocrystals ? 2 ~ 10 nm 10 ~ 50 atoms

12. Why Nanocrystals Solar Cell? Solution process Flexible substrate Large area Printing

13. Why Nanocrystals Solar Cell ? 30%

14. P3HT/CdSenanorods Hybrid poly-3(hexylthiophene) Wendy U. Huynh, Janke J. Dittmer, A. Paul Alivisatos. Science 295, 2425 (2002)

15. CdTe/CdSenanorods Gur I, Fromer N. A, Geier M. L, Alivisatos A. P. Science 2005; 310: 462-465.

16. CIGS Nanoparticle Precursor Roll-to-Roll Inkjet printable

17. CIGS Nanoparticle Precursor Vijay K. Kapur*, AshishBansal, Phucan Le, Omar I. Asensio. Thin Solid Films 431 –432 (2003) 53–57

18. CIGS Nanoparticle Precursor

19. Comparison

20. Application NanoPaint™ for Solar Car

21. Solar Car • North American Solar Challenge • Cars drive at speed limit: 65 mph • Winning time: 51 hours, 41 minutes, and 53 seconds University of Michigan Solar car University of California Berkeley Solar Car

22. Solar Electric Vehicles • Astrolabsolar concept car from Venturi Electric • Solar cells: 21% efficient • 1 Day of sun=11 miles

23. Solar Electric Vehicles • 1992 Mazada 929 Luxury Sedan • Solar cells run fan to cool car and can recharge the car’s battery

24. Solar Electric Vehicles • 2010 Prius • Solar roof package: $3,600 • Powers fan to cool the interior by 20 degrees • Only available for certain models

25. Solar Electric Vehicles • Solar Electric Vehicle photovoltaic module • 16% efficient, 215 Watts • 1 Day of sun =range of 5 to 8 miles • $4,000

26. Solar Electric Vehicles • Disadvantages of models • Cost: single crystalline • Weight • Structure • Solution: • Solar Cells based on CIGS nanoparticles • “Solar Cell NanoPaint™” Source: http://www.cartuningcentral.com/how-to-paint-a-car

27. Solar Cell NanoPaint™ Our painting process of the CIGS nanoparticle on the solar car was covered by National Geographic Channel

28. Solar Cell NanoPaint™ • Market Comparison

29. Solar Cell NanoPaint™ • Market Analysis • Increasing hybrid electric vehicle sales will drive demand for Solar Cell NanoPaint™

30. Hybrid Sales In the US Source: http://www.cartuningcentral.com/how-to-paint-a-car

31. Conclusion • Photovoltaics • Nanoparticle Systems • P3HT/CdSe • CdTe/CdSe • CIGS nanoparticle • CIGS NanoPaint™ Solar Cell • Solar hybrid electric vehicle