Understanding Aerodynamics: Fundamentals and Measurements

1. Aerodynamics Linear Motion (Moving Air )

2. Fundamentals of Physics

3. Basic Quantities Time Space - Length Matter - Mass Charge - Electro-magnetic

4. Derived Quantities Combinations of Basics Length Velocity = Length Mass Time Force = 2 Time Dimensionality Length Mass Momentum = Time 2 Length Mass Energy = Mass 2 Time Density = 3 Length

5. Laws of Physics Observations of the Relations between Derived Quantities

6. Fundamentals of Aerodynamics (Fluid Dynamics)

7. Derived Quantities Used in Aerodynamics Length Mass Mass Force = Density = 3 2 Time Length Length Mass Length Momentum = Velocity = Time Time Force Mass Pressure = = Area 2 Time Length 2 Length Mass 2 Length Mass Torque = Energy = 2 Time 2 Time Mass Dimensionality Mass Flow = Time

8. Temperature – Basic or Derived ? Density -> mass and volume Pressure -> momentum (mass x velocity) 2 Temperature -> kinetic energy (mass x velocity )

9. Conservation Laws Observations of the Relations between Derived Quantities For any fluid system: • Mass is neither created nor destroyed. • Conservation of Mass - Continuity • Momentum is neither created nor destroyed. • Conservation of Momentum (3 directions) • Energy is neither created nor destroyed. • Conservation of Energy mass mass x velocity mass 2 mass x velocity mass x velocity 2 mass x velocity

12. Mass Flow Rate r r r

15. Determine Pressure, Temperature and Density The “Static” Atmosphere 1976 Standard Day Model

20. Moving Through the Atmosphere (Dynamics)

21. Forces on an Aircraft Measured Forces Have The Same Value Air Moves Past the Aircraft Aircraft Air Equivalent Aircraft Moves Through the Air Aircraft Air

30. Terminology for this Workshop