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Emic and Etic Concepts

Emic and Etic Concepts. Culturally Specific and Cross-Cultural Studies. Emic = (m) = mono = one. Etic = (t) = two or more. Definitions. Etic Concept . Emic Concept . Accounts, descriptions and explanations used to understand a culture in its cultural context.

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Emic and Etic Concepts

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  1. Emic and Etic Concepts Culturally Specific and Cross-Cultural Studies

  2. Emic = (m) = mono = one Etic = (t) = two or more

  3. Definitions Etic Concept Emic Concept Accounts, descriptions and explanations used to understand a culture in its cultural context. It is an attempt to learn the concepts of a culture and see the world the way they do. • An explanation used to understand a culture in scientific terms by comparing the culture to others and addressing the universals of human behaviour

  4. Etic Approach • Comparing two more cultures in a cross-cultural approach • Can be used as an attempt to find cross-cultural similarities in behaviour or universal behaviours • Examples: • Bond and Smith meta-analysis of conformity • WHO study on depression • Levine’s study on prosocial behaviour

  5. Emic Approach • An attempt to study culturally specific phenomena (behaviour relevant to one culture) • Examples: • Bartlett’s observations of the Swazi herdsmen • Hopi (Native American) Depression • Papua New Guinea

  6. Swazi Herdsmen and their cows

  7. Temne v Inuit (Berry’s Conformity Research) Temne Inuit

  8. Etic: WHO Study of Depression • How is it an example of an etic approach? • Compares across different cultures • Who was involved? • Switzerland; Japan; Canada; Iran • What were the four culturally similar symptoms? • Sadness; joylessness; anxiety; sense of insufficiency • What were the culturally specific symptoms? • Chinese participants more somatic symptoms; • 40% displayed symptoms not in the diagnostic scheme used (thus; culture plays a role in the expression of depression symptoms)

  9. Emic: Native American Depression • What were the five illness categories of depression for the Hopi people? • Worry sickness; unhappiness; heartbroken; drunken-like craziness; disappointment • What was one culturally specific behaviour discovered in this study? • The patterns of symptoms for being “heartbroken” were different to Western cultures

  10. Essential questions: • What are emic and etic concepts? • How can they be demonstrated in research?

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