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Overview of Drugs in Our Society

Overview of Drugs in Our Society. What Role Do Drugs Play in Our Society- what’s the impact?. Is there a ‘Drug Problem?’. Prevalence of Problem. 50% of emergency room admissions 1/3 of psychiatric admissions 25% of completed suicides addicted to alcohol

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Overview of Drugs in Our Society

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  1. Overview of Drugs in Our Society

  2. What Role Do Drugs Play in Our Society- what’s the impact?

  3. Is there a ‘Drug Problem?’

  4. Prevalence of Problem • 50% of emergency room admissions • 1/3 of psychiatric admissions • 25% of completed suicides addicted to alcohol • Prevalent in psychiatric conditions in adolescents • 56% of domestic violence cases • 50% of homicides • Illicit drug use is major cause of ischemic strokes • Nearly ½ of all traffic fatalities

  5. Hinsdale South Assets Survey Sophomore Stats December 2009 • Alcohol • One or more drinks in the last 30 days? 69% NO

  6. Alcohol • Drunk 1 or more times in the last 2 weeks? • 79% NO

  7. Tobacco • Smoke cigarettes 1 or more times in the last 30 days? • 87% NO

  8. Smokeless Tobacco • Used smokeless tobacco 1 or more times in the last 12 months • 96% NO

  9. Marijuana • Used 1 or more times in the last 12 months? • 79% NO

  10. Other illicit (illegal) drugs • Used 1 or more times in the last 12 months? • 96% NO

  11. Driving and Alcohol • Drove after drinking 1 or more times in the last 12 months? • 96% NO

  12. Driving and Alcohol • Rode 1 or more times with someone who was drinking in the last 12 months? • 63% NO

  13. Why do people use drugs? • Curiosity and Availability • To Get High • Self-medication • Confidence • Energy • Pain Relief • Anxiety Control • Internal/External Peer Pressure • Social Confidence • Boredom Relief • Deal w/ Isolation • Competitive Edge

  14. The worst reason….. • How are Depression and Drug Use Related?

  15. Why use? VS. Why continue to use?

  16. Dependence/Addiction- person continues to use drug despite negative consequences • Psychological- person believes that a drug is needed in order to feel good or function properly • Physiological- user has a chemical need for the drug

  17. Withdrawal When an addictive behavior is stopped or an addictive substance is withdrawn from use, withdrawal symptoms almost always follow. Depending on the behavior or substance: • sweating and fever • restless behavior and anxiety • abdominal and muscle cramps (even convulsions) • nausea and vomiting • diarrhea.

  18. Tolerance • Tolerance can develop with regular use. This occurs when the person becomes used to taking drugs of abuse and the drug no longer provides the same effect as it did when first taken. Tolerance can occur with regular use of most drugs of abuse. • A person needs more of a drug to get the same initial effects.

  19. What is a Psychoactive Drug? • : Any substance that directly alters the normal functioning of the CNS and brain activity • The major classifications of drugs are uppers (stimulants), downers (depressants), pain killers (opiates) “all-arounders” (psychedelics or hallucinogens).

  20. Uppers or Stimulants • Ex. Cocaine, amphetamines, diet pills, caffeine, tobacco, ecstasy • Short-term effects: ^ energy, ^ HR & BP • Withdrawal and Long-term effects: Jitteriness, anger, depletion of energy, paranoia, damage to heart, lungs, and BV’s, depression, suicidal thoughts, dependence

  21. Downers or Depressants • Ex: Alcohol, barbiturates, GHB, rohypnol. Opiates can have depressant effects, too. • Short-term effects: Depress circulatory, respiratory, & muscular systems. Stronger opiates initially cause euphoria • Long-term effects: nervousness, depression, dependence, liver damage, malnutrition

  22. All-Arounders or Hallucinogens • Ex: Marijuana, LSD, PCP, DXM, ecstasy, psilocybin mushrooms, and peyote. • Short-term effects: Illusions, hallucinations, & confused sensations, ^heart rate & b.p., tremors, sweating, sleeplessness • Long-term effects: bad trips, panic, confusion, anxiety, schizophrenia, loss of control, flashbacks

  23. Opiates • Also known as narcotics and pain killers • Ex: Morphine, opium, oxycodone, codeine and heroin • Abuse causes: drowsiness, constipation, slow breathing, convulsions, coma, death • Infected needle sharing with the use of heroin can spread HIV and hepatitis B 23

  24. Adam Drewnowski at the University of Michigan researched whether chocolate triggers the production of opioids. Opioids are chemicals, such as those found in opium,that produce a feeling of well-being (euphoria). Drewnowski found that eating chocolate causes the brain to produce natural opiates, which dull pain and increase a feeling of well-being. This may be a reason why we like to eat chocolate! And dark chocolate contains more of these compounds than milk chocolate.

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