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PETRONAS TWIN TOWER, KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA - COBRA TEAM-. Project Manager: Wan MHW Ismail Team Members: Aernie Othman Aiza Farina Ainan Marzuki Ikhwan Mdtab. 1 ) Petronas Twin Tower 2) Concert Hall 3) Suria KLCC Retail Complex 4) Maxis Tower 5) Esso Tower
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PETRONAS TWIN TOWER, KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA-COBRA TEAM- Project Manager: Wan MHW Ismail Team Members: Aernie Othman Aiza Farina Ainan Marzuki Ikhwan Mdtab
1) Petronas Twin Tower 2) Concert Hall 3) Suria KLCC Retail Complex 4) Maxis Tower 5) Esso Tower 6) Mandarin Oriental Hotel 7) KLCC Park 8) Mosque KUALA LUMPUR CITY CENTER, (KLCC) MALAYSIA
A world landmark in Malaysia • Number of storeys:88 • Height:1,483 feet above street level • Built-up Area:3.7 million sq. feet • Design/Architecture: Cesar Pelli, in association with KLCC architects • Elevators:29 double-deck high speed passenger lifts in each tower
Owner : KLCC Holdings • Architects : • Cesar Pelli & Associates, Inc • Adamson Associates Architects • RSP Architects Planners & Engineers • Main Contractor: Hazama Corporation • Planning Manager: Arlida Ariff • Project Managers: • Hashimah Hashim (Tower 1) • M.Hilme Hassan (Tower 2)
COST • Total Costs of towers : $ 1.6 billions • Planning cost : 5 -7 % total costs • Everyday costs: $ 0.8 millions • Each floor construction costs: $ 2.6 M
TIME • March 93 - Excavation work for the foundation began. • March 94 - Construction began for Tower One. • April 94 - Construction began for Tower Two. • 7 Aug 95 - The lifting of the skybridge started. • 10 Aug 95 - The skybridge was finally in place. • 13 Feb 96 – Pinnacles Construction began. • 5 Mar 96 – Pinnacle installation completed for Tower 2 • 11 Mar 96 - Pinnacle installation completed for Tower 1 • June 96 - Cladding was completed. • April 96 - Declared as the world's tallest building. • 31 Aug 99 - Official opening by Prime Minister.
SCOPE • Foundation • Tower building • Annex • Cladding • Pinnacle Goal: To be a challenge of the century and to make Malaysia be recognized worldwide
FOUNDATION • Buildings anchored in 55 m of soil for tower basement • Friction piles reinforced by grout • Excavated using combined technique of piling and raft foundation • Bored hole was cleaned and keep intact using water • Concrete was poured to eliminate joints and to get smooth finish
TOWER BUILDING • Two separate construction teams -> competition • First to use GPS (Global Positioning Satellite) • Built by concrete instead of conventional steel • 1000 people worked on each tower (3 shifts) • Floors up to 73rd Identical & easiest • 4 days to built each floor (Normal – 10 days) • TOWER 1 • Led by Japan Hazama Corporation • Started on March 1994 (25 months & 1 week) • TOWER 2 • Led by Korea Samsung Engineering Co. • Started on April 1994 (24 months)
ANNEX • Annex construction began after level 19 (the smaller part attached to the main tower or a bustle) • Build later due to difference in weight with the main tower • Precision ~ 0.001 mm • 10 levels below was checked with every floor completed to make sure how straight the building was
CLADDING • Began as the building reached level 9 • Materials used- stainless steel extrusion & laminated glass • 33000 panels- designed as a curtain wall exterior • Features of the curtain give appearance of a flowing silver ribbon around the building • Constructed using 4-day cycle system
PINNACLE • 73.5 m high (steel) - The world’s tallest building • Tower 1 - building the pinnacle from both ends, the pinnacle meet halfway • Tower 2 - assembled the pinnacle piece by piece until it was completed • Constructed simultaneously, Tower Two completed the pinnacle six days earlier
CHALLENGES • Original site plan soil not suitable for foundation – irregularities of the Limestone Bedrock • Leaning tower – based on rumors • Original design was 16 m short than Sears Tower – add pinnacles • Completed within the budgeted cost and time scheduled
References • http://www.klcc.com.my/Showcase/PTT/ps_ptt_overview.htm • http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Petronas_Towers.html • http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/cx/?id=100172 • http://www.skyscraperpicture.com/kualalumpur.htm • http://www.structurae.net/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0000053